Within urbanizing catchment areas, the increase and spread of impervious surfaces pose major threats to the nature of natural and developed land. Water penetration into the soil is hampered by impervious surfaces, resulting in increased runoff production. The town of Injibara was chosen because the impervious cover is increasingly rising and impacting the study area's hydrological situation. The main goal of this study is to look at the long-term effect of urbanization and other change in land use on surface runoff response from 1999 to 2020 in Injibara town. Land use/land cover changes were plotted using a spatio-temporal satellite image (Landsat) from 1999 to2020 to assess historical patterns of population development and associated impervious areas, as well as land use/land cover changes. To estimate the amount of runoff from the study area, land use/land cover was combined with a hydrological model (SCS-CN). Based on findings, urban coverage was found 6% in 1999, 10% in 2013 and 22% in 2020. In the study area impervious surface increased by 67% between 1999 and 2013, 120% between 2013 and 2020 and 279% from 1999 to 2020. Because of the rise in impervious surface area due to population growth and other reasons, the amount of surface runoff changes in 2020 was 311% greater than in 1999 of 77%. The percentage of urban areas and the increase in surface runoff were strongly associated (R 2 =0.9957) in the study area. As findings indicated, the impacts of urbanization on surface runoff were very significant in the town. Therefore, this study could be used as a guide for flood management and urban planning in rapidly growing town of Injibara town. Policymakers can use this information to forecast surface runoff problem and make preparedness strategies. Keywords: Urbanization; Urban flood; Land-use changes; Land cover dynamics; Surface Runoff; SCSCN; GIS & RS; Injibara town; Ethiopia