Abstract:
In Ethiopia the water resource in most lakes is decline and disappears. Due to this it
needs accurate and detail study on the causes of reduction and mitigation measures of
water resource. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of irrigation water use
on the water level of Lake Hayq. The methodology was applying a continuity equation of
water balance methods and CROPWAT 8.0 model to estimate the gross irrigation water
requirements of six major crops irrigated in the study area. The annual water balance of
Lake Hayq was determined from inflow components (direct rainfall over the lake and
runoff from the watershed area) and outflow components (evaporation and water
abstraction from the lake) for three different years (2002, 2010 and 2018). Average
rainfall over Lake Surface was estimated using IDW interpolation method from long term
recoreded rainfall data of Hayq, Dessie, Kombolcha and Wuchale; and surface runoff
from the watershed were estimated from the lake level data using water balance
equation. Evaporation loss from Lake Hayq was estimated by Penman method. The water
abstraction for irrigation from the lake was estimated from both existing irrigated and
future potential irrigable land. Water abstraction for the purpose of domestic use was
estimated from human and animal population data based on daily water demand criteria.
The total mean annual depth of inflow from rainfall and surface runoff into the Lake was
estimated 49.2 MCM, 47.3 MCM and 44.4 MCM, and outflow from the Lake dueto
evaporation and abstraction was estimated about 38.6 MCM, 41.1 MCM and 41.5 MCM
in 2002, 2010 and 2018 respectively. Evaporation from the lake was the main component
which affects the Lake Hayq water balance which covers about 41% of the total water
balance of the lake and 1.5 times the areal rainfall of Lake Hayq. Water extraction for
irrigation use was the second main water losses that affects the water level of Lake Hayq
and it covers 0.03%, 0.19% and 0.24% of the volume of Lake Hayq in 2002, 2010 and
2018 respectively. The result of water balance of the lake Hayq shows that, the residual
water balanceccomponents (the sum of groundwater inflow, outflow and change in
storage was 10.6 MCM, 6.2MCM and 3.0 MCM in 2002, 2010 and 2018 respectively.
Keywords: Lake Hayq, Irrigation Water use, Water level, water balance