Abstract:
Groundwater pollution is a problem that affects the entire world today and has been around for
a long time. To make sure the groundwater is suitable for drinking and irrigation, it is crucial
to evaluate its quality, 22 groundwater samples from the Kobo Valley were collected for this
study to evaluate the quality of groundwater for irrigation and drinking. A grab sample only
reflects performance at the time it was taken, even then, only if the sample was taken properly.
Kobo Valley to use them in evaluating water quality, 12 water parameters (Na+, K+, Ca2+,
Mg2+, HCO3 SO4 2 NH3, NO3, Cl, TDS, electrical conductivity, and pH) were evaluated for
each sample. The samples were examined using APHA (1995) recommended analytical
techniques. Analyses were done in GIS, SPSS, and Excel. Several water parameters, including
Mg2+ and Cl, K+ and Cl, and Na+ during the dry season, and Na+, SO4 2 during the wet
season, were found to have a strong relationship. This relationship was tested using the
correlation coefficient. A mathematical model called the water quality index (WQI) is used to
aggregate many water parameters into a single indicator value that indicates the water quality
level. The Water Quality Index (WQI) results revealed that 9.09% of the study area's samples
are excellent, 59.09% are good, 22.72% are poor, 4.54% are very poor, and 4.65 are unfit for
drinking in the dry season, while 24.72% of the study area's samples are excellent, 45.45% are
good, 23.72% are poor, and 4.64 are unfit for drinking. In terms of irrigation suitability, the
study found that the majority of sampling sites are suitable; with less than 4.54% being
unsuitable. The dominant water type in the study area is Ca-Mg-HCO 3. The Kobo Valley
groundwater basin's samples high WQI values, indicating that the water was unsuitable for
direct use and needed to undertake sustainable treatment before being used for drinking
purposes. Then, to improve the quality of the groundwater, improve agricultural activites and
conservation of the watershed are needed, particularly when a parameter exceeds the standard.
Keywords: Groundwater; PI; SAR; Spatial modeling; WQI