Water scarcity is a challenge for current irrigated agriculture. Under these circumstances, new on-farm irrigation management strategies should be established for sustainable utilization of the available scarce water resources. An experiment was conducted at Fogera Research Center (FRC) experimental site in 2021 with the objective of evaluating the effects of deficit irrigation and mulch type on the yield of onion and tomato and water productivity. A factorial combination of three levels of deficit irrigation (100%ETc, 75%ETc, and 50%ETc) based on ETc and three mulch types: No Mulch (NM), White Plastic Mulch (WPM), and Rice Straw Mulch (RSM) were evaluated in RCBD with three replications. Application of RSM at the rate of 6t/ha, while 25micron thickness was used for WPM. Monthly ETo, ETc, and irrigation scheduling were computed using CROPWAT8 model based on climate, soil, and crop data. The results of these studies showed that the yield of onion and tomato and water productivity were significantly affected by the main and the interaction effects of deficit irrigation and mulch types at (0.05%). The deficit irrigation results showed that the marketable yield of onion at 100%ETc was 12.6 % higher than 75%ETc and 59.6% higher than 50%ETc while the WP at 50%ETc was 1.0% higher than 75%ETc and 17.9% higher than 100%ETc. The marketable yield of tomatoes at 75%ETc was 4.1% higher than 100%ETc and 27.8% higher than 50%ETc while the WP at 50%ETc was 13.4% higher than 75%ETc and 53.0% higher than 100%ETc.The marketable yield of onion at RSM was 15.3 % higher than NM and 12.0% higher than PM while the WP at RSM was 17.2% higher than NM and 12.1% higher than PM. The marketable yield of tomatoes at RSM was 17.1% higher than NM and 5.1% higher than WPM. The WP of tomato in RSM was 16.3% higher than NM and 3.6% higher than in WPM. The interaction effects of deficit irrigation and mulch results showed that the yield of onion at 100%ETc with RSM was 7.5% higher than 100%ETc with NM and 15.1% higher than 100%ETc with PM. Similarly, the water productivity of onions at 75%ETc with RSM was 29.3%, higher than 100%ETc with NM, 39.4% higher than 100%ETc with PM and 20.0% higher than, 100%ETc with RSM. Similarly, the marketable yield of tomato at 75%ETc with RSM was 8.0% higher than 100%ETc with RSM and 9.7% higher than 75%ETc with WPM. Whereas, the WP of tomato in 50%ETc with WPM was 3.2% higher than 50%ETc with RSM and 8.5% higher than 75%ETc with RSM treatment combinations. These results showed that RSM with 75%ETc improves yield and water productivity by saving water without onion and tomato yield penalties. Keywords: deficit irrigation, mulch, crop and water productivity, and conservation agriculture