Background: Neonatal period is the most vulnerable period of human life as it accounts for very high morbidities and mortalities and most of these are preventable. It is estimated that 130 million neonates are born each year and out of these, 4 million die in the first 28 days of their life, and 75% of neonatal deaths occur in the 1st week .Information on neonatal morbidity and diagnosis at initial presentation are not generally available especially in our setup; this study would be able to identify to factors associated with mortality among neonates admitted. Continuous, surveillance on the cases, epidemiology and characteristics of neonatal admission would be very important for planning, implementing and evaluating neonatal health interventions. It can also be helpful for developing NICU admission and treatment guidelines. Objective: To assess neonatal mortality and its associated factors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at TGSH, Bahirdar, Ethiopia. Methods and materials: An institution based cross- sectional study was used to identify factors associated with neonatal mortality. Five hundred forty one neonates were selected using simple random sampling methods. Appropriate data was collected using secondary data from Chart records. The cleaned data entered into & processed using SPSS program version 20. Descriptive statistics was employed to produce tabulated percentages, mean, median and range of variables. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the association between dependent & independent variables. Results: Of 541 admitted neonates 321(59.4%) were males and 358(66.3%) were admitted at term gestational age. The neonatal mortality was 11.5%; the most common causes of death Respiratory distress syndrome (33.8%), uncontrolled sepsis (17.7%), advanced necrotizing enterocolitis (14.5%) and perinatal asphyxia (6.7%).Most neonates died in the first 3 days of life (46.7%). In multivariate logistic regression low birth weight[AOR=25.3,CI (3.2,199.8)], small for gestational age[AOR=16.9,CI (1.9, 142.8)] and low Apgar score[AOR=11.7, CI(2.06,66.1)] were the predictors of neonatal mortality. Conclusions: Predictors of mortality were identified from this study by multivariate analysis, including weight, Apgar score, weight for gestational age, twin and triplet delivery, mode of delivery, and place of delivery. The most common causes of neonatal mortality were respiratory complication of prematurity, RDS, neonatal infections and birth asphyxia. These can be reduced by early detection and anticipating high-risk pregnancies and high-risk newborns and provision of timely and appropriate intervention.