Abstract:
Introduction: Hypertension is considered one of the most challenging public health problems
worldwide. It is one of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular, renal, and eye disease.
Adherence to the recommended diet has a key role to reduce uncontrolled hypertension and
hypertension-related complications. As far as to investigator knowledge, a study on dietary
adherence among hypertensive patients and associated factors are limited in Ethiopia.
Objective: This study aimed to assess dietary adherence and associated factors among
hypertensive patients in Bahir Dar city governmental hospitals, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bahir Dar city governmental hospitals from
February 23 to March 23, 2020. Proportional allocation and systematic random sampling
techniques were used to select 386 individuals with hypertension. Data was collected through
face to face interviews and chart review. The logistic regression model was used to assess the
association between predictors and recommended dietary adherence. The association was
interpreted using the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Level of significance was
considered at p-value ≤ 0.05
Result: Of 375 respondents included in this study, 210 (56%) were male and the mean age was
52.8 years. The proportion of dietary adherence was 32.8% (CI: 28.0, 37.6). Result of
multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that educational level college and above
(AOR=3.0, CI=1.26, 7.08), received nutritional education (AOR=1.9, CI=1.05, 3.62),
knowledgeable about hypertension (AOR=2.5, CI=1.36, 4.58), who had no co-morbidities
(AOR=2.8, CI=1.49, 5.20), who lived two to four years with hypertension (AOR=2.4, CI=1.17,
5.07), and who had strong social support (AOR=7.1, CI=2.85, 17.46) had significantly
association with recommended dietary adherence.
Conclusion and recommendations: This study demonstrated that low proportion of
hypertensive individuals were adhered to recommended diet. Therefore, availed a social network
of family and friends; providing dietary education to address the participants‟ knowledge of
hypertension, promote survival skill to new diagnosed and considered co-morbidities are an
integral part of overall health in people with hypertension.
Keywords: Adherence, recommended diet, Hypertension