The major objective of this thesis is to investigate and reconstruct the history of leprosy in the Gojjam province between 1941 and 1991. It also looks at the socio-economic effects of leprosy in the study area, as well as the steps was taken by the government and non-governmental organizations to alleviate the disease. The majority of the sources I used in this research were archival. Books, articles, journals, government records, reports, and other published and unpublished sources of knowledge about the subject were also used. Furthermore, I was able to collect material from oral sources during interviews with numerous Gojjam communities to demonstrate the historical consequences of my study. A total of twenty-three informants were participated with individual interview. The finding of this study shows that large number of the Gojjam population was affected by leprosy. The high prevalence of leprosy factor had lack of sanitation, malnutrition, overcrowded housing situation, inadequacy, and unavailability of public service. The problem was aggravated during drought, famine times, migration, interruption of the health service due to war and conflict, and lack of infrastructure.The paper has been attempted to identify the impact of leprosy and the role of the government to prevent leprosy in Gojjam.