Abstract:
Water is considered as the source of life for all life forms on the face of the earth. Due to
water related diseases, in the earth, 3.575 million people are dying each year. One of the
key approaches to overcome this problem is water desalination from the available sources
like saline water, waste water, industrial and other waste effluents. A solar still is a device
which converts the impure water into distilled water by using solar energy in a small
enclosure which involves simple mechanism and low investment. Solar still uses saline
water and works on the principle of evaporation–condensation. The saline water inside the
basin of the solar still is evaporated in the humid air region by using the solar energy and
its condensates on the solar still walls. The condensate vapor on the solar still walls will
be collected and leaves as fresh water. The study covers design, fabrication and
experimental investigation of solar still integrated with parabolic trough collector. In this
thesis the tasks are, collect data from different journals and National Meteorology Agency
West Amhara Meteorological Service Center, design each component, and fabricate the
solar distiller and the parabolic trough collector and perform the experiment. The results
of the experimental test were collected the data for seven days from December 21, 2020 to
December 27, 2020. The maximum production of distilled water, water temperature, inner
glass temperature and solar radiation are recorded starting from 11:30 PM to 3:00 PM.
The heat exchanger in the solar distiller and the parabolic trough collector helps to
increase the productivity of distilled water. The maximum amount of distilled water gained
during experiment is 6.90 liter/day and 4.80 liter/day with and without parabolic trough
collector respectively. The pay-back for the solar still integrated with parabolic trough
collector is less than one year.
Key words: Solar still, Solar energy, Fresh water, Saline water, Water desalination,
Distilled water, Parabolic Trough Collector