Background: Malaria remains the most prevalent and fatal vector-borne disease in the world. In Ethiopia, two-thirds of the population lives in areas at risk of malaria infection. The development of drug resistance to available antimalarial drugs is the main challenge in the prevention and control of malaria in all endemic areas. Chloroquine is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated P.vivax in Ethiopia. The emergence of P.vivax resistance to chloroquine in the country threatens the efficacy of P.vivax treatment.