Access to a safe water supply for drinking is universally recognized as a basic human need for the present and future development. The major sources of drinking water for the wide majority of the rural population (84% of the country total) in Ethiopia are surface runoff, unprotected springs, ponds, rivers, and hand-dug wells. Whose health risk is significant as they are exposed to contamination caused by human beings, livestock, wildlife, and uncontrolled flooding. However, the majority of the people in Dessie Zuria Woreda still did not have access to potable, sufficient, and sustainable water supply. The major objective of the study was to evaluate the challenges of rural water supply schemes and evaluating the main schemes' sustainability determinants related to community, financial, technical, institutional, and environmental in the rural water supply scheme. To address the research objectives, household surveys, field observation, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and relevant document reviews analyzed using SPSS version 25 statistical software. in Dessie Zuria Woreda were used 50 water supply schemes and a total of 150 heads of households were selected using a combination of purposively and simple random techniques from the total 6592 water supply user heads of households. Lack of available materials, less water committee’s effort, fewer senses of ownership, and poor financial management problems are identified as the main problems. Most of the communities were not actively participate starting from planning to post-construction management due to this most of the water supply schemes were not sustainable for multiple reasons. The average sustainability score across water supply schemes was 4.43. This score indicated that the schemes were performing well on only 44.3% of the technical, institutional, financial, environmental, and social aspects.. Woreda water development office needs to create and developed a sense of ownership, improve institutional support, develop financial management and construct new water schemes by mobilizing the community in order to avoid a large community using a single water supply scheme. Key words: Dessie Zuria Woreda, Community participation, water supplschemes,sustainability.