The central objective of the study is to assess the status of the small arms proliferation and its impacts on human security and sustainable peace in Fogera woreda and Woreta city administration by employing a mixed method of case study research with more of a qualitative research technique. The sampling method to gather the primary data employing nonprobability sampling of purposive, FGD and convenience techniques are used. The data are gathered from participants of; key respondents total 13, FGD total 13 (two groups), convenience total 23(in four Kebeles) are held to interview and discussion. The data-gathering instruments are Semi structured, FGD and Desk-review Documents are used to collected to address both the qualitative and qualitative design to addressed the four research questions. The Arms proliferation is a sudden increase of small arms beyond those need for legitimate national security and there is high level of small arms in the study area and have contributed to affect negatively on social, economic and cultural aspects and ultimately affects development and fueling security problems. Some of the driving factors of the rising of arms are socio cultural, security dilemma, regional and National dynamics, the weakness of rules and regulation of related to small arms and the weakness of security forces to control arms traffickers are high militarization of the society and privatization of security are found prevalent and sensitive in the study area. To curb the problems, different measures shall be taken by government and it’s agencies, stakeholders, communities and neighbors states to working cooperatively, enacted compiled and strong rule and regulation, and execute the law practically are used to minimizing the rising of small arms and its effect. Because of these, the measures are more effective to bring human security and sustainable peace.