The thesis looks into the availability and effectiveness of formal access to justice institutions for victims of ethnic based violence (hereinafter VEBV or victims) in Shashemene city, Ziway town, Burayu town, and at Dodola Woreda. Accordingly, it examines and addresses the accessibility of judicial institutions, the availability of legal aid services, the quality of judicial procedures and the availability of effective legal remedies for VEBVs in the study areas. In doing so, a qualitative research design was employed to answer the stated research objectives and questions of the study. The qualitative data gathered from the key informants of the study and in-depth interviews with VEBVs in the study areas revealed that, the available judicial institutions are not easily accessible for some victims, owing to the financial constraints of the victims‟ and geographical remoteness of such institutions. Though, most of the VEBVs in the study areas are not also able to afford the cost of justice, there are no sufficient legal aid services and centers to overcome the economic challenges of such victims to easily access judicial institutions in their localities. On the other hand, the lack of impartiality and independence of judicial actors in investigating, prosecuting and adjudicating victims‟ complaints and/or accusations, erodes the victims trust on the administration of justice in their localities. Moreover, even though, some victims succeeded to acquire judicial remedies for their loss owing to the violence, most of the VEBVs in the study areas failed to obtain effective judicial remedies, due to the inability of the perpetrator(s) to pay the required compensations. Besides, as there is no specific institutional and legal frameworks on state crime victims‟ compensation for VEBVs in Ethiopia, the government failed to ensure the right to effective remedies for such victims. Consequently, the study requires the federal and Oromia region governments to provide sufficient compensation for victims and establish victim‟s assistance funds to ensure the right to effective and enforceable legal remedies for VEBVs. Furthermore, the study recommends the concerned government and non-government organs to ensure the effectiveness, impartiality and independence of the available judicial institutions for VEBVs in the study areas.