Safe and adequate water supply and sanitation services are the basic needs and essential for the socio-economic development of a given society. This research intended to assess the sustainability of rural water supply schemes which are fitted with hand pumps in identified rural intervention kebeles of Jabi-Tehnan District in Western Amhara Regional state, Ethiopia. Constructing water supply systems alone would not address all problems related to poor access to water supply services, especially in rural areas. The study employed a combination of purposive and simple random sampling techniques to selected sample kebeles and sample water supply schemes. From the total 173 schemes in the intervention kebeles, 121 water points were selected for the study. The schemes survey data were collected using mWater tools. Additionally, focus group discussion, key informant interview, sanitary survey, and personal observation were applied for data collection. From the surveyed water schemes 11% and 6% of them were nonfunctional and abandoned. From the total surveyed hand pumps 96% of which have no their own watershed plan/area closer as simply they erect the structure without a standard fence, cutoff drain, and water way. Gender mainstreaming in the committee (women in the committee) are not hundred percent inclusive in each water point, unlike males. The majorities of the water supply schemes (74%) in the communities are inadequate due to an increase in the number of beneficiaries, shortage of water during the dry season, inadequate depth of excavation/drilling, and pump failure. Rural water supply fees in the study area are not satisfactory to cover at least operation and maintenance costs. From the total surveyed water schemes 94% of the water schemes had a trained caretaker to undertake Operation and Maintenance, and where present, only 9% conducted both preventive and corrective maintenance. Woreda water office encourages the Water committee, with providing a reasonable tariff setting for the spare parts supply chain to repair, and maintain the scheme with revolving funds in the long run. Develop a water shad plan/area closure/ conservation practice around the rural water supply schemes.