Background: Anemia is a condition having lower number of red blood cells to transport oxygen from the lung to each cell. Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developed and developing countries, common among children under five years. This study aimed to identify the spatial distribution and determinant factors of anemia among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia using Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016 data. Method: The study was based on the secondary data obtained from Ethiopia demographic and health survey data, collected in 2016. The collected data was analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 9502 of children aged between 6 to 59 months which contain the necessary information were considered in this study. ArcGIS 10.3, STATA version 14 and SPSS were used for data analysis. A multilevel regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with anemia. Results: In the study the overall prevalence of anemia among children aged 6-59 months was 57% out of these 25%, 29% and 3% children had mild, moderate and severe anemia respectively. The 27% of variation in anemia level is due to cluster variation. Anemia was spatially clustered in Ethiopia. The high risk area of anemia were detected in Afar, Somali, Harari, Dire Dawa, and southern part of Tigray regions. The brant test that the null hypothesis of parallel assumption across categories of anemia was rejected.In the multilevel partial proportional odds model stunting, underweight, wealth status, residence, current employment status, source of drinking water, child age and region was significant. Conclusion: This study showed that childhood anemia is affected both by the individual and community-level factors. High risk of anemia were found in Afar and Somali regions Special attentions should be given for those regions showing high anemia.