Ethnobotany is the study of the relationship between plants and people: From "Ethno" study of people and "botany" study of plants. This study was conducted on ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants used to treat human and livestock ailments used by local people in the outskirts of Debre tabor Town South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. Sixty-four informants between the ages of 17 up to 90 were randomly selected and 12 key informants between the ages of 27 to 81 were purposively selected for the study. The study employed various ethnobotanical methods to collect data, including semi-structured questionnaires, field observation, and group discussion with the help of local administration from elders, traditional practitioners and members of local community and analyze the data using informant consensus factor, preference ranking, direct matrix ranking and fidelity level. In this study, a total of 103 (54 from wild, 26 from home garden and 23 from both wild and home garden) medicinal plant species were collected and documented from47 family. The Family Asteraceaes contributed the highest number of medicinal plant species 8.73% followed by Solanaceae 7.76%, Fabaceae 7.76%. The most frequently utilized plants part by practitioners to prepare remedies were leaves followed by seeds, roots and others, this may be helps to the survivals of the mother plant. The highest number of plant species remedies used for the treatment of stomachache than common cold, evil spirit and other human ailments, for bloating, leech and external parasite in livestock disease. The most cited medicinal plant species in the area were Rumex nepalensis cited by76.6%respondents ranked first followed by, Ostostegia integrifolla 62.5%, Lepidium sativum 56.3%, each for their popularity in the area. The ICF analysis showed that stomach ache have high ICF scoring 81% followed by plants against common cold 80% and Gastritis 78%. The preference ranking analysis indicated that Ostostegia integrifolla ranked first and most effective medicinal plant against stomachache followed by Rumex nepalensis as compared to others. Direct matrix ranking analysis indicated that Eucalyptus globulus, Cordia africana and Acacia nilotica are ranked 1st, 2nd, and 3rdpreferred plant species used by local people for various purposes. Key words: Ailments, medicinal plants, outskirts and traditional healer.