Screening of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L) Genotpes for Drought Tolerance Using Physiological and Biochemical Trait at Achefer District, Ethiopia Drought was one of major stress factor which results in a profound effect on plant growth and yield. The effect becomes severe mainly where rain fed agriculture is practiced. Had this thought, assessed of varieties that could better tolerate such condition and developed methods that could help for screening were important in increased the productivity by reduced the yield loss that associate with drought. The study was carried out in west Gojjam zone north Achefer woreda particularly Liben higher and secondary school used CRD with three replication and two water levels (well watered and water stressed). Four Varieties (genotypes) Kelafo-74 (Gondar), T-85 (Hummera), Mehado-80 (Wollega) and Abyssinia were used and grown under well watered and water stress condition. Data were collected for growth and physiological parameters of plant height, leaf length and width, number of leaf/plant, number of branches/plant, leaf area and leaf area index and relative water content, Biochemical parameters such as leaf TSS and leaf MSI, phonological attribute such days to 50% flowering and days to 50% physiological maturity and number of pods/plant, yield performance such yield/ plant, biomass, harvest index and drought indices such as TOL, MP, YSI, STI and SSI. Based on plant height, leaf length and width, number of leaf/plant, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, leaf area and leaf area index and relative water content value, Kelafo-74 (Gondar) was observed to be drought tolerant. TSS, MSI and yield per plant value had revealed Kelafo-74(Gondar) and T-85 (Hummera) tolerant genotypes. Correlation result showed that there existed a positive and negative association of TSS and MSI with yield at P < 0.05. Depended on the yield result, the screening of drought indices had showed that TOL, SSI and MP, STI, GM, HM were indicative for selection of genotypes for favorable and stressed environment. Based on these drought indices, Kelafo-74 (Gondar) and T-85 (Hummera) were found to be drought tolerant. Key words/phrases: Growth, harvest index, indices and seed yield