Abstract:
The purpose of the study is to examine the role of the mass media in multi ethnic societies; ethnic conflict events news report a particular reference to 2018/ 2019 news coverage on ATV and BEGU TV stations. The time frame was delimited from October, 01/ 2018 up to December, 30/2019. It was deliberately selected because of the existing ethnic conflict events in the region. These two regional media were also purposively selected, because of the existing high political ethnic conflict between the two ethnic groups and the stations used the Amharic language as official and medium of transmission in their newsroom. The researcher employed media and ethnic conflict, the role of media in conflict and ethical news reporting conceptual and social responsibility theory as a theoretical framework. The mixed research design which comprises both quantitative and qualitative methods was employed. From these, the quantitative content analysis is the main method that was used to measure the political ethnic conflict news quantitatively using SPSS analysis techniques based on the coder‟s decision on the priory coded categories. The descriptive statistical data presented using tables, charts, and graphs in brief. Since the study is comparative research; the comparisons were made on the extent of conflict events coverage, stage of conflict report, perceived factors affecting political ethnic conflict news reporting and the escalation and de-escalation roles that were played by the two regional TV stations on its low extent of coverage with a critical understanding of the democratic and undemocratic regional media environment using mean, standard deviation and percentage. In line with these, the study founded that the regional television stations played both escalation and de-escalation roles in the political ethnic conflict events.
The comparison of two regional TV roles showed that ATV has played 51.3% escalation, 43.6% de-escalation, and 5.1% neutral roles played through its news stories. The BEGU TV also played 19.3% of escalation and 80.7% de-escalation roles in the coverage of political ethnic conflict events. Therefore, ATV was played a 32% greater escalation and 37.1% less de-escalation role than BEGU TV station. On the contrary, BEGU TV had played 37.1% greater extent de-escalation and 32% less extent escalation role than ATV station, because it employed both ethnic member journalists and the journalists to frustrate the direct political influence. The purposively selected journalists who covered and participated in the politically insisted ethnic conflict events news gathering, production, and presentation process of the regional TV stations were the in-depth interview respondents. The qualitative data that were collected using interviews from journalists thematically analyzed and interpreted to support the statistical data and it helped the researcher to understand the regional ethnic media environment with detailed insight.
Finally, it presented solutions for an ethnic conflict news report in the regional media in the Ethiopia media environment.