Farmers use different seeding rates for food barley production, and even there are differences among research centers for recommended seeding rate of barley. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2019 main crop season in Farta District, North Western Ethiopia to assess the growth and yield response of different food barley varieties to seeding rates. Factorial combinations of three improved food barley varieties (HB-1307, Debarq-1 and Agegnehu) and three seeding rates (125kg/ha, 150kg/ha and 175 kg/ha) were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Phenological, vegetative growth and yield related parameters were considered as the experimental variables. Number of total of tillers and plant height were significantly affected by the main effect of seeding rates, but did not affected by the main effects of varieties and also did not affected by the interaction of varieties and seeding rates. Days to 50% heading and days to 90% physiological maturity were significantly affected by main effects of varieties and seeding rates, but did not affected by their interaction. Number of effective tillers and all yield related variables (spike length, grain numbers per spike, thousand kernels weight, grain yield, straw yield, biomass yield and harvest index) were significantly affected by the main and the interaction effects of varieties and seeding rates. Food barley variety HB-1307 at the seeding rate of 150 kg ha-1 showed the highest performances in all measured yield and yield related variables, while variety Debarq-1 at the seeding rate of 175kg ha-1 showed the lowest performance in all measured yield and yield related variables. The economic analysis results indicated that, maximum net benefit (89105.11ETB) was recorded for HB-1307*150 kg/ha while, minimum net benefit (32338.11ETB), was recorded for Debarq-1*175kg/ha. Similarly, maximum MRR (4480.27%) was recorded for HB-1307*150kg/ha. This indicated that, food barley variety HB-1307 at the seeding rate of 150 kg ha-1 is economically feasible and profitable. Based on the present study, therefore, food barley variety HB-1307 at the seeding rate of 150kg per ha is recommendable for the study area. Since the present study was conducted only in a single season and one site, it is necessary to conducted similar experiments further in different seasons and locations to come up with concrete and workable recommendation for varieties and seeding rates of food barley. Keywords: Food barley, Production constraints, Seeding rate, Variety, Yield components.