Rural poverty has a complex, interlocked and multi-dimensional phenomenon.Multistage sampling technique was used and 367 households were selected using simple random sampling method from three sampled Kebeles. The design and implementation of effective measures to reduce household poverty in the district should depend on in-depth understanding of magnitude and determinants of poverty. This study is sought to address these issues by assessing location specific demographic, socio-economic and institutional factors that influence poverty of rural households in the district. In this regard, this study was conducted to identify and analyze the magnitude and determinants of rural household poverty in Ebinat district of Amhara national regional state of Ethiopia. The logit model was fitted to identify determinants of poverty. In this case the probability of a household being poor is taken as a dependent variable and the set of demographic, socio economic and institutional variables were taken as explanatory variables. Consumption expenditure and Cost of Basic Need methods were used to measure poverty and construct poverty line, respectively. Based on this the food poverty line was 3752.20 Birr and the total poverty line was 4127.42 Birr per AE per year, out of the 367 surveyed households, 56.67 percent were found to be poor. The FGT poverty index was employed to examine the extent and severity of poverty. It indicates that 56.67 % of the sample households live below poverty line with poverty gap and poverty severity index of 0.1817 and 0.0835, respectively. The logit estimation result revealed that family size and fertilizer expense have positive and significant effect on the probability of a household being poor. Age and education level of the household head, land size, livestock holding in TLU, farm and off-farm income per AE and saving culture were found to have theoretically consistent, statistically significant and negative effect on poverty. The binary logit estimates shed light on factors behind the persistence of poverty and indicates that rural poverty is strongly linked to entitlement failures and understood as lack of household resource endowments to crucial assets such as land, human capital, livestock holding and saving accumulation linked with high dependency on chemical fertilizer. This study finding suggests targeted intervention on reducing inorganic fertilizer expense and encurage use of organic fertilizer, developing saving culture and improving agriculture productrivity as useful policy instrument in order to reduce rural household poverty and to reach the poorest of the poor.