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| dc.contributor.author | Mohammed, Hayat | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-03-18T07:43:01Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2020-03-18T07:43:01Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2020-03-18 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/10627 | |
| dc.description.abstract | In many parts of the world, fluoride in drinking water is responsible for notable public health issues. The presence of a small amount of fluoride in drinking water is beneficial to human health but a high amount (>1.5 mg/L) has adverse health effects. Kaolinite clay has been found to remove fluoride by adsorption process. Its composition is Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8 with SiO2: 46.54 wt.% , Al2O3: 39.5 wt.% and H2O: 13.96 wt.%. The present study is aimed to prepare new adsorbent kaolinite clay that can serve as a valuable defluoridating agent. Characterization of the produced adsorbent was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET and XRD.BET analysis reveals surface area and porosity of synthesized adsorbent and the result indicates the smaller particle size has larger surface area and pore volume. The XRD shows the morphology of the adsorbent and result indicates the crystalline structure of the adsorbent. The investigation of fluoride removal was attempted using raw and activated clay. The clay was activated with concentrated H2SO4 and the effects of various experimental parameters including temperature, pH, particle size, contact time and dose of the adsorbents were investigated using a batch adsorption technique. Experiments were carried out by batch adsorption at temperature of 25, 40, 50,60 and 70°C and the removal efficiencies of these materials with respect to time (30 - 150 min), pH (2 - 8), adsorbent dose (0.5 – 2.5 g/L) and particle size (ranges from 0.075 to 0.30 mm) were studied. Results showed that adsorption equilibrium is attained at 60 min by keeping the other parameters constant for both adsorbents used and the extent of fluoride removal increased with decrease in particle size of the adsorbent and increased with increase in contact time and amount of adsorbent used. In all parameters, activated clay was better than raw kaolinite clay in removing fluoride. In this thesis, the paramount value of fluoride removal by both adsorbents was obtained at pH 4; temperature 500c, particle size of 0.075 mm and 1.5 gram of adsorbent dosage according to experiments. Adsorption data were modeled using the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms and best adsorption fits were obtained with Langmuir adsorption isotherms for both adsorbents. The experimental data produced a straight line fit with a relatively good correlation coefficient (R2) indicating the acceptability of the model for the studied activated and raw kaolinite clay deflouridation system. | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.subject | Process Engineering | en_US |
| dc.title | Production and characterization of Kaolinite Clay and process optimization for deflouridation of ground water in Afar Region | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
