There are many civil engineering infrastructures that cannot fulfill their intended purpose. Demand for higher load carrying capacity, material degradation, or change in use are the main reasons for such problems. In these ...

The effect of thermal stresses and deformations on the performance of a structure was generally not well treated in previous EBCS design codes. This study aims to investigate the responses of two-dimensional structural ...

The minimum flexural reinforcement required for concrete structure is required to change a brittle behavior of concrete structure to ductile behavior of RC structure. A minimum flexural reinforcement requirement is specified ...

Currently, developing countries are taking major steps for development of infrastructure and for fulfilling this aim, huge amount of concrete is required. Portland cement is a big source of environmental pollution. Therefore, ...

Reinforced concrete structures are mostly subjected to loads causing the structure to displace laterally some amount of displacement called story drifts. Those loads may be mainly caused by earthquakes, wind or due to ...