Intercropping has been practiced by farmers traditionally for different purposes. Therefore, the present study was conducted on sorghum/cowpea intercropping to assess the effect of varieties, intra row spacing and row arrangement on productivity of the component crops in 2018/19 cropping season at Mersa, North-Eastern Ethiopia. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of two level of cowpea varieties (asrat and bekur), two level of row arrangement (1:1 and 2:1) and three levels of intra row spacing of cowpea (10, 15 and 20) accompanied with sole sorghum and sole cowpea with three replications in randomized complete block design. Early maturing sorghum variety (girana 1), “Asrat” and “Bekur” varieties of cowpea were used as experimental planting materials. Data on phenological, growth and yield and yield related parameters were collected for both sorghum and cowpea. The analysis of variance results indicated that most of yield and yield components of sorghum and cowpea were significantly affected by the main effect of row arrangement and intra row spacing of cowpea. Grain yield of sorghum and cowpea, above ground dry biomass and straw yield of cowpea were significantly affected by interaction effect of row arrangement and intra row spacing of cowpea. The highest grain yield (2926.20 kg/ha) of sorghum was obtained from interaction effect of 2:1 sorghum- cowpea row arrangement and 20 cm intra row spacing of cowpea whereas the highest grain yield cowpea (1090.31 kg/ha) was obtained from interaction effect of 1:1 sorghum- cowpea row arrangement and 10 cm intra row spacing of cowpea. The main effect cowpea variety affected significantly plant height, number of pod per plant, above ground dry biomass yield and harvesting index of cowpea. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was more than unity in all cases. The highest LER, 1.41 was obtained from sorghum with Asrat variety in 15 cm intra row spacing on 1:1 sorghum- cowpea alternate. Economic analysis showed that the maximum net benefit (Birr 55,066) with acceptable MRR was obtained from Bekur verity with 20 cm intra row spacing in 1:1 sorghum- cowpea row arrangement. Therefore, 2:1 sorghum- cowpea row arrangement at 20 cm intra row spacing of cowpea was the most appropriate combination for intercropping, which can be preliminary recommended for intercropping in the study area. However, the result will be further investigated over location and season to give reliable recommendation in the studied area. Key words: Cowpea, intercropping, intra row spacing, row arrangement, sorghum