Somaliland is one of the least developed countries in the world and municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is one of the serious challenges for the local government and the environmental sector. This research paper tries to fill the gap through a detailed analysis of the currently adopted practices, the standout challenges encountered, and the opportunities in MSWM of Borama town, Somaliland. The study employed mixed-method research approach. Collected data were analyzed with statistical tools and the data collection instruments were questionnaires, interviews, observations, and secondary sources. A survey questionnaires were conducted with households and the two private waste collection companies that operate in the town. Besides, in-depth key informant interviews were carried out with waste management agencies. Stratified random sampling were used to select the study unites and the computer software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used to analyze data. Based on the practices, the study found that more than three-quarter (76.5%) of the residents had access to door-to-door waste collection service; however, the majority of the residents (80.4%) practiced poor and inadequate waste storage methods, in which polythene bag/sack were common practice to store their waste. Lack of awareness of the town residents to segregate waste at household level, to reuse and recycle waste and irregularity of the collection service were the major challenges identified. Besides, the study found out that 23.5% of the town residents still relied on open burning of waste or disposal of their waste in streets, bushes, valleys or any open space which threatens human health and the environment. The high willingness of the town residents to pay for the collection service, the privatization of the collection service and the encouragement of the private sector involvement in waste management in the town, and the higher admiration and satisfaction level with the door-to-door service from Borama residents were of the major opportunities identified in the current study. Thus based on the findings, it is recommended to implement awareness raising programs about waste reduction, reuse and recycling. The municipality is advised to shift from the common open dumping to engineered landfilling practice. The private sector and the informal sector involvement in waste management is proposed to be strengthened by providing them with the necessary equipment and training on waste management by experts such as planners and engineers to ensure effective MSWM in the town.