Although banditry can ignited by economic and political instability within the state, it is the epitome of a wider phenomenon where there is a symmetrical connection between poverty, political instability, and infectious lawlessness. Banditry in Ethiopia in general as a field of study has not briefly study, however its cost was enormous on the peasantry. The province of Bägémider and Sämén was one of the northern provinces of Ethiopia where banditry prevailed for long and as the result of this, the peaceful lives of individuals were seriously affected. This thesis tries to discusses and reconstruct about the major causes, types and effects of banditry and insecurity on the socio-economic and political lives of the society in Lay Gayint and its surrounding areas from 1941-1991. It investigates the major factors, which related to banditry in different governmental system. While there is a general deficit on the subject, some of the existing sources had a great role to analyze with the socio-economic, political, administrative and historical issues that connected with political disturbances and lawlessness. Therefore, the thesis briefly addresses the gap in our understanding of banditry (šiftenät) whose driving force are actually symptoms of regional problems, it claims that the historical and socio-economic conditions that makes worse banditry and deal with the basic features of both social and criminal banditry in Lay Gayint and the surrounding areas of Bägémider. In addition to this, the costs of banditry on the lives, economic conditions, and stability of the local society as well as the political stability of the two regimes, the imperial and the military are highlighted. The main features of bandits were destructed, disturbed, looted, plundered and killed. Therefore, the thesis