This study examines an agricultural history of Ankäša Wäräda from 1941-1991. The rigorous examination of the sources shows that cereal production and animal rearing, mixed system of agriculture, has been dominantly practiced in Ankäša Wäräda and its surrounding for centuries. This thesis asses the nature and practice of agriculture like horse-plow agriculture and tools, challenges to agricultural practices, including deforestation, land fragmentation, drought, locust invasion and so on. As agriculture is the main source of livelihood to the area, researching and writing on the history of agriculture and related issues are important. In this regard, this thesis tries to fill the gap on agricultural history of the area. In conducting the research, data have been collected through the combination of different techniques and methods. A range of archival materials have been consulted from Däbrä Markos University Archive Center, National Archive and Library Agency and Ankäša Wäräda Government Offices. In addition, oral informants and related literature have been exhaustively examined and used. These sources have been cheeked and cross-checked so as to cheek the authenticity of the sources. Finally, the study can have an important contribution for historians and others as it tries to show the nature of deforestation, soil erosion, land degradation, state farm and peasant agriculture across time. The study also makes a note worthy contribution to the development of Ethiopian