Even though, Ethiopia has undergone numerous land tenure reforms over centuries; it failed to provide women’s equal land right as compared to their male counterpart and the situation has limited government efforts of ensuring women’s economic empowerment in the study area. This study assessed and examined “women’s land right and economic empowerment in the case of Mao, Komo and Berta ethnic communities in Benishangul gumuz regional state of Ethiopia”. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods of collect data and analysis techniques. Data collection tools including; key informant interviews and focus group discussions guiding checklists, and household surveying questionnaire were used for primary data collection and the research used descriptive data analysis. Despite the contribution of women in national and global agricultural production, the finding of the study revealed that few women (4.7%) do have access to farm inputs and this situation may have significantly weakened women’s economic empowerment. Similarly, result of the study showed that few women involve in decision making of farm produces sales income and on the amount of their respective households’ expenditure. The existing formal land laws adequately recognize woman’s equal land right as to their male counterpart in theory; however, customary land tenure practices and stereotypes against women are still prevalent in Berta, Mao and Komo ethnic communities and consequently hindered an effective implementation of formal/legal land law. Based on the finding of the study it is recommended the government and interested parties should give trainings and awareness creation campaigns regarding regional land policy and legal frameworks to the concerned stakeholders including local community, religious and clan leaders through using different types of communication channels. Moreover, the government should avail legal aid that mainly assists women in ensuring their land right and economic empowerment in the study area. Keywords: women’s land rights; land law, customary tenure practices, & economic empowerment