Cattle help to improve food and nutritional security by providing nutrient-rich food products, generate income and employment and act as a cushion against crop failure, provide draft power and manure inputs to the crop sub-sector, and contribute to foreign exchange through exports. In so doing, however, emphasis is given to cattle as they make a significant contribution to the economy of the country. Ethiopia has an immense potential for increasing livestock production, both for local use and for export purposes. However, expansion and productivity was constrained by both infectious and non-infectious causes contributed to the morbidity and mortality of young stock. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors affecting cattle death based on 2016/17 agricultural sample survey dataset using count regression model. The survey was conducted on 66,673 households. The analysis presented in this study concerned about all ages of cattle mortality. The data used in current investigation had less zeros (17.61%) and the variance was greater than its mean. Therefore, the negative binomial model described the data better. The results of NB regression model showed that region, age of the agricultural holder, household size, AEZ, field erosion, land size and vaccination of cattle were identified as statistically significant factors for cattle death in the country. The LRT test suggested that, the number of cattle death varies among regions and multilevel count model fit better. For selected multilevel NB model, the fixed part showed that. For a unit increased household size, then the number of cattle death per household is increased by 0.6%. Those who had eroded field could increase cattle death by 2.0% as compared to those with not eroded field. The study also showed that there is a significant regional variations of cattle death ( ). Moreover, age of agricultural holder effect on cattle deaths vary among regions of Ethiopia. The variables of age of the agricultural holder, household size, AEZ, field erosion, land size and vaccination of cattle were identified as significant factors. The Ministry of Agriculture should work properly to raise the awareness of agricultural holder for vaccination of cattle and improving veterinary services of the country, and about common way of prevention of field erosion to reduce cattle death. Keywords: Ethiopia, Cattle death, count regression, negative binomial, multilevel.