The general objective of the study is to investigate the patriotic resistance against the Italians occupation in Ačäfär from the 1936-1941. This thesis deals with the patriotic resistance in Ačäfär district. The study covers the period between 1936-1941. By using archival, oral and written secondary sources, the thesis gives an analysis of the Italian invasion and the reaction of the Ethiopian people in general and Ačäfär in particular to defend their country against the aggressor and the sacrifice paid by the patriots of the region in the period under discussion. The type of ruling system that the Italians had established in Ačäfär, the Italian propaganda and the act of collaboration are also included in the thesis. The genesis and the development of the resistance in Ačäfär, the various battles fought by the patriots to defend their district and country, the leadership and organization and the vertical and the horizontal relationship between the patriots are also discussed. Moreover, the valuable role of the women and underground patriots, the church and its leaders, the challenges that the patriots faced as well as nations’ participation and their role along the Ethio-Sudanese border and inAčäfär are also studied. The thesis also examines the return of the emperor to the Sudan and then Ethiopia, the coming of British military help to Ethiopia, the way that the emperor and other propagandists had brought the collaborators to the patriots’ side, the role of Azaž Käbbäddä Tässämma in the liberation of Gojjam in general and Ačäfär in particular and the impacts of the occupation and rule over the inhabitants of the district.