The major purpose of this thesis is to examine the environmental history of Machakel Wäräda from 1950 s to 2000 in historical perspectives. The paper clearly focuses on the causes and consequences of environmental changes. Environmental changes occurred in every part of the world that influenced the lives of various people. Human relation with the surrounding environment played a pivotal role in environmental change and continuity in the second half of the twentieth century. Therefore, the distortion of one side affected the stability of the other. The gradual change of the environment in the study area has commonly caused by land tenure insecurity, locust invasion, pestilence, land use pattern changes, excessive rain and rainfall fluctuation and population growth that led to deforestation and scarcity of farm lands. Furthermore, agriculture, the leading socio-economic element of environment and dominant source of revenue of the people, challenged the well being of the environment of the study area. Traditional agricultural practices directly affected soil fertility and forest cover. Hence, evidences disclosed that due to the above disastrous factors; the environment of Machakel Wäräda has been seriously threatened in the second half of the 20 xi th century that results the conversion of one land cover in to the other particularly on forest land and open lands accompanied by clearing of indigenous trees. During the period under study, the people of Machakel Wäräda togethe