This thesis tries to reconstruct a history of agriculture in the area under consideration during the twentieth century. It describes and examines the charactering features and patterns of crop and livestock agriculture, including population settlement and mobility in the valley and the role of Abbay River in the political economy of the local people. Though important it was, less focus has been given about the agricultural history of Abbay Valley that connects Gojjam and Wollo. In this regard, this study will have paramount importance. In collecting sources, I have used both primary and secondary materials. My main sources are archival materials collected from Däber Markos University Archive Center, National Archives and Library Agency, National Meteorology Agency of Western Amahara Meteorological Service Center, Hulät Iju Inässé and Enäbessé Sar Medér Wäräda Agriculture Office. Interviews have also made in the same Wäräda, in general, and the Valley, in particular.