Nowadays, 3D real property definitions and determinations are getting attention to consider the emerging complex and multileveled real property rights that resulted from the exploitation of the vertical dimension. Similarly, 2D cadastral systems are being gone and instead 3D cadaster is taking attention to model and secure the 3D interests. However, Ethiopia is still developing 2D legal cadaster, which has limitations to handle emerging problems. The purpose of the thesis was to investigate the Ethiopian legal system in understanding real property rights in 3D and the potential of registering those rights in a 3D cadaster. In doing so, the exploratory mixed research approach was used. The result of the study showed that the real property laws of the country are prone to haphazard definition of real property and understanding of the attached Right Restrictions and Responsibilities. As a result, the current real property registration and cadastral recording is very weak, as it does not depict a complete position of real property rights. Moreover, the absence of strata titles because of absentee 3D determination in condominiums and similar multileveled real properties remained open to abuse real property rights of the owners and further development of those properties. However, the existing system had also potentials to introduce a 3D cadastral system. In supporting the potentials, this study conceptualized 3D cadaster to be introduced in the country from short term to the anticipated long-term option of 3D cadaster. Eventually, the insights made in this thesis would benefit the Ethiopian land policy technicians to review the system, and academicians to deal further on the issue. Key Words: Real Property, Real Property Rights, Registration, 3D Cadaster, Ethiopia