This study was carried out in Kahtasa Natural Forest, Banja District (woreda), in Awi Zone, North West Ethiopia, with the objectives of determining the floristic composition and structure the vegetation found in the area. Data were collected from 40 quadrats, each with 20 m X 20 m (400 m 2 ), for trees and shrubs. In addition, 5m X 5m subplots were laid within the main plot to sample herbaceous plants. Cover-abundance value was estimated for all species. Height and diameter at breast height of all woody species taller than 2 m and ticker ≥ 2 cm were measured. Ninety four species of vascular plants were identified which were grouped in to 70 Genera and 37 Families. Fabaceae followed by Rosaseae and Myrtaceae were found to be the most abundant families in the study area. Furthermore, Kahtasa Natural Forest harbors four endemic species. Five community types were identified and described. Structural analysis of the Kahtasa Natural Forest revealed a density of 757.39 stems/ ha and a total basal area of 65 m / ha. The most dominant tree species relatively with the highest importance values recorded in the area were Albiza gummifera, Ekebrgia capensis, Erytrina abbyssinica, Apodytes dimidiata,and Croton macrostachyus, Analysis of population structure for majority of species revealed normal distribution patterns. Floristic comparisons with other similar forests in Ethiopia showed that Kahtasa Natural Forest is more similarity to other Dry afro- montane forests. Key Words/ Phrases: Floristic composition, frequency, Kahtasa Natural Forest, plant community, SIV, vegetation structure. 2