Bamboo is a group of perennial evergreens in the grass family Poaceae and is a fast growing, renewable, widespread, low cost, environment enhancing resource with great potential in environmental conservation and poverty alleviation. It has been studied that bamboo has at least 1500 uses. Bamboo contribution to livelihood incomes and poverty alleviation had previously not well been studied in the BGRS. Therefore, the role of Bamboo in poverty alleviation and the current use value for the Benishangul Gumuz community were studied. Purposeful sampling was to made select nine villages. From the selected sample household heads were selected villages through stratified sampling technique based on age categories and then random sampling technique was done from each stratum. A total of 384 household heads were selected from all villages. Primary data collection was made using questionnaires and interviews schedules. And 9 key informants were interviewed. In addition, observations and photography were also during data collection. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used in data analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage. qualitative data were obtained through key informant interviews were narrated and summarized. The study showed that the rural people of the study area used bamboo as the main source of income and it is the most important contributor. It was also observed that household characteristics affect the type and amount of bamboos extracted from the forest. Major constraints for improved Bamboo utilization by the community were lack of awareness, shortage of technical assistance to manage bamboo, poor access to market and low market price, poor infrastructure, inaccessible transport, declining bamboo forest cover which is affecting availability of the bamboos. The bamboo sector is fairly new and has many untapped opportunities and the government needs to be more proactive and facilitate its citizens in exploiting the sector. Therefore the concerned bodies should pay attention to the contribution of Bamboo to peoples livelihood and poverty alleviation, and provide all assistances required. Key words: Low land Bamboo, High land Bamboo, Sustainability