A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2013 to April 2014 to determine prevalence and economic significance of bovine fasciolosis at Debre Tabor municipal abattoir. Atotal of 384 cattle were selected by simple random sampling method, subjected to antemortem and postmortem examination during the study period. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in the study was proved to be 123 (32.03%). There was no statistically significant (χ²=0.007=; p = 0.932) variation in prevalence between sexes. On the other hand, there was significant (χ² = 44.244; p= 0.000) variation between different body condition score of the animals. Species identification revealed that F. hepatica was more prevalent (70.73%) than F. gigantica (12.19%) and unidentified or immature fluke (17.07%). Analysis of intensity of pathological lesions revealed 32 (26.011%) lightly, 51 (41.46%) moderately and 40 (32.52%) severely affected livers. The number of flukes recovered in moderately affected livers was higher (Mean=72.6) than in either severely (Mean=51.6) or lightly (Mean=26.51) affected livers.Taking liver examination as gold standard for diagnosis of fasciolosis, the sensitivity of direct sedimentation technique was found to be 69.29% and the specificity 100% with substantial agreement (k=0.76) between the two methods.The average economic loss a result of liver condemnation was on average 145,789.62 ETB (7,507.18USD) per annum, indicating that the disease is economically important. Finally, the abattoir based prevalence recorded in the study area and the loss incurred suggests that a detailed epidemiological study as well as assessment of the overall economic loss due to fasciolosis is required to implement systematic disease prevention and control methods. Key Words: Fasciolosis, F. hepatica, F. gigantica, cattle, prevalence, economic significance, Debre Tabore municipal abattoir, Ethiopia