Land ts becoming increasingly scarce in many parts of Ajriea and mounting competition for 1/11s valuabte resource is driving corflia between and wtthtn groups. Jn Ethiopia especially, communal grazing lands arc importam sources of livestock feed 01uJ most of the livestock population are mainly dependeru on natura! pasture and crop residue. Rural communities that practicing mixed farming (l>oth crap cultivaiion and livestock rearing) are MghlJ· dependent on communal lands and tts resource parttculorly for grazing. Such areas are managed based on the collective action of communities thar have protected them from. complete disappearance. However. these local community grazing land management systems have nor been given policy attention. Jr. addition, land is currently subdivided from communal lands and given lo di}Jere111 parties for different purpose in the stuay at ea by the government without considering local user community participation in the decision making process and without any compensation. Thus. communal grozinf!. lands are decreasing ill sue and its productivity at a faster rate, faced with severe land tlr.gtadation~, subject lo competition with another type oj land-uses and becoming a source of.freq11en1 conflicts. All of these pne11omena nave impact on the sustainable producttvuy of the communal land and its resources; to support the community whose life is highly dependent v11 lt. 7o address some of the problems, the regional government ha« developed a poi icy to restrict free grazing system i11 lhe year 2QOf/. Moreover, as pan of land registration process communal lauds also delineated, registered and cerufied in the muly area since 2003. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate communal land use and management practice and related problems in South Achefer Woreda. The study also assess to what extent the farmers are interested on government pottcy of resiricting free grazing and graduul subdivision of the communal land into individual holding, how communal land registration having impact on communities grazing land use practice, and to what extent the institutional performance of communal grazing land u)·e can fulfill Ostrom 's .eighi design principles. To achieve this aim, rhe study was based on both primary and secondary data gathered from field observation of the srudy site, interviewing of randomly selected household heads from local community, from discussions wtth local elders a/11} kebele administrative leaders, from questionnaires that distributed to woredo l11>1d administration staffs, rural land development agems and to rhe woreda udministration and pol iticol leaders and from legai and work document study. Tiu? analysis and presentations were made by using both quamitauve descriptive statisstcs and qualitative description approaches. nosed on the data co/leered from differe11! sources by differenr instruments and after anoiysis' II'«-~ made the researcher has made a general conclusion that the current communalland use and management praaices has a negative impact 011 the sustainability of communal grazing lands lo support agricultural communities, and far mers are afraid 011 government action that take iand from communal lands instead of providing beuer rules which preserve communal Iands and their use right on ii. The results of study in general, indicated tho: communal grazing areas are faced with sever land degradations, lack separate. clear and aetotled mies and K.tidelines for communal grazing fond use arid administration, faced high tenure insecurity, expropriation or raking of land from communal grazing areas wuhout local community decision and participation. lack of support from the local community 10 regional governmel1l policy of restricting free grazing sys/em and free movement of ltvestock animals, communal land registration