Sululta Woreda is one of the six Woredas in the Oromia special Zone with rapidly increasing population size. The increasing population can increase the demand for food which leads to increase inflation rate of wheat production. Though there are different studies conducted on the issue of wheat production there is less or no addressed about the status and determinants of wheat production. The objective of the study was to find out the status of farmer engagement in wheat production, to assess the challenge of wheat production and to identify major socio-economic factors affecting wheat production. The study involved 3 randomly selected Kebeles from Sululta Woreda. 240 household heads were involved in this study. The study used mixed method to conduct research, frequency count, percentage; mean and multiple linear regression models were employed. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The study showed that wheat is the most widely grown crop in the study area which is about 54.6% of total cereal crop. Findings of the study showed there is high yield difference among households. The average wheat yield of household heads was about 26.73qiultal/ha with minimum and maximum yields of 10.6 and 52 quintal/ha respectively. And the Correlation analysis showed land size and fertilizer has strong positive correlation, number of oxen and age had moderate positive correlation, and education, family size and labor force were weak relationship with wheat production. Multiple linear regression model showed age, education level, land size, and fertilizer level were found to be significantly affect on wheat production at p<0.01 and P< 0.05 level of significance. The researcher recommended that since there was high yield variation between households great effort should be made by all stakeholders to improve the trend of wheat productions by supplying extension services.