Abstract:
Electronics, is one of the fastest expanding fields in research, application develop
ment and Commercialization that led to the birth of operational amplifier (op amp).
Substantial growth in the device (op amp) has occurred during World War II, the
lnvention of the transistor, the space program, and now, the computer industry and
almost all of the devices that we use in our daily activities. Since the technology
is
rapidly changing the way we do things; we have computers, cellular phones, etc.
in
our homes, it is hard to imagine that op amps will not continue to expand in the
future. The first step to understand these technologies is a circuit theory development
which
provide us with the knowledge of basic principles that we need to understand
the behaviors of electronic devices, circuits and systems. It is now the standard in
the Electronics Device Manufacturing process to design and study the properties of
various
components of a given device using Simulation Softwares before the real de
vice is
built. This has the advantage that it saves time, effort, money and resources.
Also,
this allows us to communicate with design engineers and technicians to enable
them to design and build the op amps we require. With this in mind, the design and
analysis of Two stage CMOS operational amplifier for low voltage applications has
been done using Personal computer simulation program for IC emphasis (PSPICE)
Simulation Software. The design consists of a curreilt mirror circuit that utilizes a
single
current source with out the need for separate biasing voltage.
