The hydrological history of River Nile is highly exposed to speculations and as a ./· result the natural history of the river and its contribution to ancient world civilization remained a controversial issue. There are conflicting views among researchers regarding .. its source, length, origin of the name Nile and the mean annual discharge of the river at • .Aswan in general and its tributaries in particular. .. Before 1862 the name Nile was associated with the Biblical Geyon or Abbay and its sol!rce was Gish Abbay. However, in 1862, Speke had claimed that Nile rises at Lake Nyanza.Afterwards, his claim disseminated and the hydrological history of Nile began to be misconceived. In addition, western writers had attempted to under estimate the ~tribution of River Nile to early African civilization and its inspiration to the rest of the world. By considering Egypt as extension of Europe or at least Asia, they had .bcen associated the Nile valley civilization only with Egypt and denied the ancient civilization of Ethiopia, which in actual fact was the parent of ancient Egyptian civilization. The main objective of this thesis is to reveal deliberate distortions and . misconceptions created upon the hydrological history of River Nile. This study argues that the claim of fame motivated European travelers, Egyptian water experts and the lop- sided view of the western world towords Africa are the main factors for all kinds of misconceptions related with River Nile.