J Thus, this interdisciplinary study is very vital in this dramatically changing world. Different three or four decades therefore the main purpose of the thesis is to examine the historical outline • Environmental history mainly focused on the interaction between humans and nature in the past . of the environmental history of Bonga District in the twentieth century. The focuses of the study are the causes as well as impacts of environmental change as well as the response of the society to • .. .. historians and concerned bodies of the field produced different research works during the last mitigate the deteriorated environment and minimize the effects of the change. The District was one of the resources full area in region and agreeable to animal rearing. Kaffa in general and Bonga in particular is resourceful in coffee production and timber The major factor for the severity of envinmental change in the district was population pressure, deforestation, land tenure system, lack of modern land management system, traditional agricultural system, The most important consequences of environmental change in the study area were growing crisis in wild animal, energy deforestation as well as other natural disasters like land slid.. Therefore, the impacts of environmental change negatively affected the livelihood of the people. Different traditional and modern mitigation measures were taken to improve forest to overcome the problem of environmental degradation in the study area. The government also. established responsible government nongovernmental organizations to mobilize and organize to alleviate the problem. However, the attempt of all responsible agents in collective was not equivalent to intensity of natural resource degradation.