./.This thesis discusses the major forces that shaped the history of Pawi warada from 1984-2009. It focuses on the administrative, economic and ecological changes that evolved during the period of the Darg (especially after state spencer resettlement campaign) and contemporary regime to 1~09. The study is based on information gathered from national and local archives, together .. Based on archival and oral sources, my study concluded that the post- 1985sreform policies of the Darg and the FDRE have great significance in changing the socio-economic life of the- Pawi. The 1975 land reform helped the Pawifarmers to be free from the old gabar system. Similarly, the (90s land proclamation was among the constructive policies which helped the Pawi farmers to be free from public owner ship of land. The transformation bf craft workers in to one of the trading community of the region, which evolved as a result of the shift of social -economic ~ .. ., with interviews of various oral informants. alliance among the Pawi society, also served as an evidence to strengthen this argument . The second issue is associated with the controversy on ecology versus government policy in affecting agricultural productivity and resource use of POJVi. Accordingly, my research work argues that Pawi food insecurity was not because of the weakness of government policy to address the problem rather, it has direct link to environmental degradation, which was aggravated by the increase in population.