Nowadays, the world is facing multifaceted challenges related to global warming and climate ~~ange, and currently it is attracting the attention of many scholars from various disciplines. This thesis is a step in that direction. This thesis examines the environmental history of Chamcga " Watershed and its environs during the twentieth century from a local vantage point. It attempts to describe agricultural practices and their impacts on the environment. It narrates the impacts of surronnding non-farm lands like forest and pasture lands. It shows how the area of ample pasture widespread crop fields at the beginning of twenty-first century. " . and relative forest lands at about the beginning pf the twentieth century was changed to At ti. beginning of the twentieth century the environment around Chamcga was harsh and people struggled to live in it. It was much cooler and people had to wear animal skinssuch as daba!d (for men, made from the skins of sheep) and nat (for women, made from skins of cattle) . . .. Abstract population growth on agricultural practices and the effects of agricultural expansion to the Since then, however, the environment of Chamoga Watershed has undergone significant changes and is currently in a very vulnerable state. The drivers of these changes are population pressure land use change and government policies like villagization. Effects of environmental degradation n Chamcga Watershed are vegetation and wildlife crisis, energy crisis, wetland crisis, land degradation, decline of agricultural productivity, change in the life style of people such as dressing, degradation of water resource, and conflicts over resources. Varied mitigation measures have been undertaken including afforestation and soil and water conservation structures. However, in conservation structures no discussion was made by the peasants and they were foreign to these program~. They lack sustainability and top-down approach characterized them.