Abstract:
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high prevalence and a growing concern worldwide. Dietary management is considered to be one of the cornerstones of diabetes care. There is a lack of data on the dietary pattern of diabetic patients, which underestimates its role in the management of diabetes. Information concerning the dietary pattern among type 2 diabetic patients is limited though the prevalence of DM and its complications are on the rise. there is no recent study conducted about dietary pattern and associated factors in the study area, so this study will fill this gap.
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the dietary pattern and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Hospital.
Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 diabetes patients from March 2021 to May 2021. Systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participant. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to determine independent predictors of dietary pattern among Type 2 DM patients. Adjusted odds ratio at 95%CI and p value of 0.005 was used to declare statistically significant association of each variable on the outcome variable.
Result- A study showed that 47.7% [95%, CI: (42.6, 52.8)] of patients had good dietary pattern. Attained secondary school and above [AOR=2.2, 95% CI (1.3,3.5)], having family history of DM [AOR=2.0, 95%, CI (1.2, 3.2)], having family support [AOR=2.2, 95% CI (1.3, 3.7)], have fruit availability [AOR=2.4, 95%CI (1.1, 5.6)], being a member of diabetes mellitus association [AOR=1.8,95%CI(1.2, 2.9)], and having good diabetic knowledge about recommended diet[AOR=1.8,95%CI(1.1,2.8)] were independent predictors for good dietary pattern.
Conclusion and recommendation: Majority of type 2 diabetic patients in Hospital had poor dietary pattern due to poor knowledge about recommended dietary pattern . Factors associated with dietary pattern of type 2 diabetes patients were attending secondary school and above, having comorbidity, being diabetes association member, the fruits being available, having family support and knowledgeable have positive association with good dietary pattern. Therefore, creation of awareness about recommended dietary pattern and diversification of feed types for the patients should be conducted that may help them to control their blood sugar level.
Therefore, Concerned bodies better to develop health information dissemination programs and strategies that consider the importance of management of DM with diet, Family members should be informed about their important roles in encouraging patients to undergo DM management with diet.
Key words: Dietary pattern, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, glycemic control.