Abstract:
Hydraulic structures such as dams have inevitable effects on their downstream that
requires investigation. This study assesses the impacts of hydraulic structures on river
morphology in Selamko watershed, Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia. Objectives of this
thesis were to assess the morphological metrics river bank shift extracted from Satelite
images, to assess Selamko river plan form changes and to investigate vertical change
of Selamko River downstream from the dam and HEC-RAS model was used to assess
the river bed changes cause of released suspended sediment to the downstream part of
selamko River.
To compare the vertical adjustment of the Selamko River, current river cross-sections
were taken at different intervals and the past cross-sections were developed from the
old topographic map of the study area. For the data preparation and analysis map
processing Arc GIS 10.4.1 were used. From the analysis of vertical change selamko river
reaches are characterized deggrading by hydraulic structure with an average deggrading
value of 0.78 m,0.92m and 0.56m and 0.35 for the period 2005and 2019 respectively.
From the Satelite images of the year 2005,2010 and 2019, the river center lines, banks and
width of the river were digitized and sinuosity index were calculated to assess the
planform chnges. The change in sinuosity value is insignificant for the year 2005 (1.427),
2010 (1.299) and 2019(1.291). The result shows that Sinuosity Index decreases, it
indicates that the straight activity of the river decreases, thus contributing less sediment
into the river and to save precious land from been eroded all along the river course.
The main channel width to derive the past channel width from historical satellite images
and The Google Earth satellite images of the year 2005 and 2019 shows gradual narrowing
in the downstream direction. This may be due to decreasing erodibility bank materials, to
overlay analysis of Selamko River of the three years 2005, 2010, and 2019, it was clear
that the maximum bank shift of 85.96% narrowed and 14.04% widened has occurred.