ABSTRACT Land, in modern land administration, defines resources and buildings as well as the marine environment essentially, the land itself and all things attached to it, or below or above the surface. The study inspired to fill the methodological and research gap in the statement of the problem. This study is aimed at evaluating the institutional efficiency of rural land administration from the perspective of modern land administration systems Banja woreda, Awi zone, Amhara region. The study mainly pursued finding out the influence of explanatory variables namely legal framework, computerization, the practice of valuation and compensation, good governance, improved data quality, providing capacity building, and customer satisfaction on the performance of rural land administration in Banja woreda. This study employed a mixed research approach. The target population of this study was 2901, the number of households was obtained from Banja woreda rural land administration office registration book. This study employed systematic random sampling to select the sample of the target population. The sample size of the study was 185 rural landholders or customers. Additional 50 samples were included, they are officials of Banja woreda RLA office, which are obtained by using purposive sampling. The study used primary and secondary data that was collected by the use of questionnaires, interview, focus group discussion, observation, and different journals, books, magazines, etc. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Spearman’s correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables. Binary logistic regression analysis also employed to analyze the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable. Finally, the research found that the legal framework and customer satisfaction are the most significant factors that affect the performance of the office. The implications of the study such as the provision of clear and uniform legislations, using sophisticated technology to perform technical activities, suitably performing good governance, and providing regular awareness creation. This study is confined that, it has a greater focus on the efficiency of the RLA office rather than socio-economic and environmental aspects, hence it will be recommended for further research