In agrarian society like in Ethiopia, land tenure and taxation system are mostly inseparable concepts and they are the most important pillars of the economic history. Yet, our economic history is not well-studied, it is apparent to be difficult to have even a brief understanding on the economic history of Agäw Meder. The main aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the history of land tenure and taxation in Agäw Meder from 1941 to 1991. The restoration of the imperial administration after the five years occupation period was followed with economic reforms on land and tax though fundamental changes were too far to appear. Even though tenancy was not a big issue here in Agäw Meder, all the privileges and exploitations in the area were revolving around land ownership status. Land as a communal property was possessed by balabbats descendants of the wanna abbat or aqňňi, and the church; the rest were considered as accompaniments which denied from land ownership. Taxation was a burden of the peasants imposed to fill the fiscal and material needs of the feudal bureaucracy from parish to the center. Peasants made opposition to land ownership and taxation in different ways to bring the final showdown of opposition. Därg advanced to power in 1974 and took radical reforms against the former systems. Land redistribution, peasant associations and cooperatives were taken as the basic ingredients of the socialist rural. The narrow door to possess land was widened to include all peasants. Agricultural taxes and Transaction tax were imposed to building socialist economy though the result was insignificant. Därg‟s coercive approach to reassert its socialist programs was not fully recognized; therefore collapse was inevitable in 19991. In bringing with welljustified, coherent and reliable historical memo on the theme understudy on the stated period, both primary and secondary sources were properly utilized as far as possible. The Primary sources used for this study include both informants and archival sources such as letters, minutes of meetings, proclamations and reports. Scholarly works such as Books, articles of academic journals, senior essays, theses and dissertations are basic secondary sources which can be part of this study. The available sources are checked and rechecked carefully to prove the authenticity of the data used in this study