http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/2020 Sat, 13 Jan 2001 05:48:54 GMT 2001-01-13T05:48:54Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16855 Trinitarian And Christological Controversies Of The Ethiopian Orthodox Täwahdo Church (1613-1878) ASRAT, ARAYA The Ethiopian Orthodox Täwahdo Church (hereafter EOTC) witnessed the most destructive dogmatic controversy by the dawn of the 17th century. The manipulation of the issue by the royal court and the clergy for power and privileges let the crisis continue for more than two and half a century. The feud not only threatened the unity of the church, but also considerably contributed for the ultimate decay of the Ethiopian state during the Zämänä Mäsafent. The impact of the schism was apparent when it took the concern of state builders of the 19th century. In spite of its enormous contribution in the disintegration and re-unification of the country, the controversy is a theme of Ethiopian history which attracted little attention. The scholarly works dealt on the issue are heavily shaped by either the outer contexts of the sectarian literature or the changes of the 19th century. The essences of qesäța and sarcastic portrayals of traditions and the sects’ intensive edition, deletion and revision of library works are unnoticed. This complicated the study of the origin and root of the controversy as well as the dogmas defended by each sect. Hence, this dissertation gives emphasis to fill the major historiographical gaps characterizing the scholarly literature. A considerable attempt has been made to show the dynamics of the controversy by treating each major development on its own time perspective. This dissertation is built mainly on sectarian treatises, hagiographical traditions, and royal chronicles. Enormous attempt has also been made to review the secondary literature and extract relevant information on the issue. Intensive interview was made with church scholars versed in commentaries of the scripture to properly understand the theological contexts of the tenets of the sects. An integrated thematic and chronological approach of analysis is applied to better reconstruct this very intricate dogmatic feud. A careful look into primary sources indicates that the main source of the schism was the Catholic Church’s long endeavor to detach the EOTC from Alexandria and submit to its See of Rome. The lasting impact was the split of the EOTC clergy along dogmatic lines in the early 17th century. Therefore, this dissertation argues that the EOTC had well defined Trinitarian and Christological dogmas prior to the advent of Jesuits which was defended by the Täwahdo party throughout the course of the controversy. The clergy disagreed on further interpretation of the held miaphysite dogmas of the EOTC. The work gives a new perspective into the nature of the sectarian literature and scholarly views and thus it will serve as important reference for further research works. Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16855 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16848 Trinitarian And Christological Controversies Of The Ethiopian Orthodox Täwahdo Church (1613-1878) Asrat, Araya The Ethiopian Orthodox Täwahdo Church (hereafter EOTC) witnessed the most destructive dogmatic controversy by the dawn of the 17th century. The manipulation of the issue by the royal court and the clergy for power and privileges let the crisis continue for more than two and half a century. The feud not only threatened the unity of the church, but also considerably contributed for the ultimate decay of the Ethiopian state during the Zämänä Mäsafent. The impact of the schism was apparent when it took the concern of state builders of the 19th century. In spite of its enormous contribution in the disintegration and re-unification of the country, the controversy is a theme of Ethiopian history which attracted little attention. The scholarly works dealt on the issue are heavily shaped by either the outer contexts of the sectarian literature or the changes of the 19th century. The essences of qesäța and sarcastic portrayals of traditions and the sects’ intensive edition, deletion and modification of library works are unnoticed. This complicated the study of the origin and root of the controversy as well as the dogmas defended by each sect. Hence, this dissertation gives emphasis to fill the major historiographical gaps characterizing the scholarly literature. A considerable attempt has been made to show the dynamics of the controversy by treating each major development on its own time perspective. This dissertation is built mainly on sectarian treatises, hagiographical traditions, and royal chronicles. Enormous attempt has also been made to review the secondary literature and extract relevant information on the issue. Intensive interview was made with church scholars versed in commentaries of the scripture to properly understand the theological contexts of the tenets of the sects. An integrated thematic and chronological approach of analysis is applied to better reconstruct this very intricate dogmatic feud. A careful look into primary sources indicates that the main source of the schism was the Catholic Church’s long endeavor to detach the EOTC from Alexandria and submit to its See of Rome. The lasting impact was the split of the EOTC clergy along dogmatic lines in the early 17th century. Therefore, this dissertation argues that the EOTC had well defined Trinitarian and Christological dogmas prior to the advent of Jesuits which was defended by the Täwahdo party throughout the course of the controversy. The clergy disagreed on further interpretation of the held miaphysite dogmas of the EOTC. The work gives a new perspective into the nature of the sectarian literature as well as scholarly view and thus it will serve as important reference for further research works Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16848 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16823 A History of Cattle and Cattle Diseases In Bičäna Awrajja (1941 – 1991) Belete, Abrham he major objective of this thesis is to investigate and reconstruct the history of cattle diseases in Bičäna Awrajja between 1941 and 1991. It also investigated the socio-economic consequences of cattle diseases in the study Awrajja as well as the measures implemented by the community, the government, and non-governmental organizations to alleviate and/or control cattle diseases. The majority of the sources that used in this research were archival materials. Books, articles, journals, government records, reports, and other published and unpublished sources of knowledge about the subject were also used. Furthermore, the researcher gathered oral information from informants through interviews. The finding of this study shows that cattle disease outbreaks troubled a large number of cattle in the study area. The problem had exacerbated by inadequate medication, a lack of veterinarians, limited resources, infrastructure, and political turmoil. Although communities and governments worked to avoid, control, and eradicate these diseases, they were unable to do so as expected. Finally, the thesis examined the effect or impact of cattle diseases on the community of Bičäna Awrajja. Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16823 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16822 The Ethiopian Peacekeeping Missions In Africa, 1960 To 2010: The Case Of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, And Liberia Shimeles, Lewoye In the last seventy-five years, Ethiopia played a significant role in the maintenance of International peace and security. More than 35,000 officers, non-commissioned officers, other ranked troops, and private soldiers participated in the peacekeeping missions of Korea, Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and Liberia. However, in the academic arena, historians do not pay significant attention to this issue. Therefore, in my study “The Ethiopian Peacekeeping Missions in Africa, 1960 to 2010: The Case of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, And Liberia,” I intended to produce a well-substantiated and comprehensive body of historical knowledge on the Ethiopian contribution to international peacekeeping and her relations with international organizations regarding peacekeeping. Under this I try to reconstruct the history of Ethiopian contribution to international peacekeeping; study the diplomatic and military initiatives and efforts of Ethiopia for the maintenance of international peace and security; identify problems and achievements of Ethiopian peacekeeping missions from Congo to Liberia; investigate the diplomatic, military, and political significances of the Ethiopian participation in international peacekeeping from the point of Ethiopian national interest; to examine the change and continuity of the Ethiopian peacekeeping missions from 1960 to 2010; and to recount and assess significant issues and events in the history of Ethiopian peacekeeping missions. This dissertation is constructed based on archival evidence accessed from the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of National Defense Peacekeeping Main Department, and the UN archival collections. Historical facts from key informants, selected purposively from veterans of peacekeeping missions and senior diplomats collected through in-depth interviews also used for this study. To fill the gaps in archives and informants I consulted books, book chapters, articles, periodicals, and thesis and dissertations. The accounts collected through these methods were carefully examined, cross-checked, analyzed, and interpreted to reconstruct the Ethiopian contributions to the peacekeeping missions in Africa. Peacekeeping was the core of the Ethiopian multilateral foreign relations in the Imperial period and post-1991. The Ethiopian commitment to the maintenance of international peace and security was the result of a commitment to collective security, Pan-Africanism, and African solidarity. Protecting the national interest of the country was another motivating factor behind the Ethiopian peacekeeping missions. In the four peacekeeping missions discussed in this study, there were external and internal challenges that affected the peacekeeping missions of the country. However, there are also important achievements recorded overpassing these challenges. Besides maintaining international peace and security Ethiopia was beneficial financially, diplomatically, and in modernizing the national army of the country Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16822 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z