http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/1688 Sat, 13 Jan 2001 08:24:01 GMT 2001-01-13T08:24:01Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/12969 ADOPTION OF IMPROVED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF SORGHUM IN THE CASE OF GONDAR ZURIA DISTRICT, CENTRAL GONDAR ZONE, ETHIOPIA: SIMACHEW YEDEMIE Empirical studies on the adoption in agriculture identify various factors for the low adoption of improved management pratices. Sorghum improved management practice technology development and promotion have been done in Gondar Zuria district. However, the factors of adoption and the level of adoption have not been systematically analyzed. Therefore, this study was proposed with the objectives of identifying factors affecting adoption, the status of adoption, and the perception of farmers about improved management practices of sorghum. The study district was selected purposively due to previous intervention in the area. A total of 214 sample respondents were selected randomly and interviewed. The factors that influence the adoption of improved management practices of sorghum were identified by using the multivariate probit model. The adoption level was categorized using the adoption index, and the perception of farmers towards sorghum improved management practice was measured using the Likert scale data analysis method. Based on the multivariate model result family size, sex, farm income, cooperative membership, field day, and landholding were the factors that affect the adoption of improved management practices of sorghum. Moreover, the result indicates that sampled households are found in different categories of adoption, i.e., as non-adopters (0), low-adopters (0.01-0.33), medium adopters (0.34-0.66), and high adopters (0.67-1). Plant growth, biomass yield, grain yield, and early maturity, seed cost, easy management, proper fertilizer, weed, and pest management, and reduce waterlogging were important parameters for farmers to apply improved management practices of sorghum. In the study area, improved management practices of sorghum are mainly affected by total family size, farm income, membership to cooperatives, field day. The adoption status of improved management practices of sorghum are low and farmers give highly perceived. Therefore, to increase the adoption level of improved management practices of sorghum, all stakeholders should consider the perception of farmers and can increase the farm income of the households, wise utilization of family labor, increasing the membership of cooperatives. The adoption level of improved management practices should further promoted by proposed it in the agricultural extension package. Tue, 25 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/12969 2022-01-25T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/12967 ANALYSIS OF INCOME POVERTY OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN BEYEDA, ETHIOPIA Melaku Wubsera Proper poverty measurement and identification of consumption-based rural poverty determinants are the key steps to formulate proper rural poverty reduction strategies. The general rural poverty profile did not specifically address rural household income poverty, and yesterday is not today in the changing environment. To overcome the rural poverty problem, area-specific research data is relevant. So this research was conducted at Beyeda woreda, North Gondar zone of Ethiopia in 2021. The objective of this research is to analyze the extent of rural poverty and identify the determinants of rural income poverty at the household level. To collect the data, 184 households were selected from 4 representative kebeles by a simple random sampling technique. The respondents' primary data were gathered through an interview schedule and a focus group discussion. The secondary data was collected from reports, journals, proceedings, and books. The collected data was analyzed using statistical techniques such as the t-test, chi-square test, and binary logit. To measure the extent of rural poverty, consumption-based poverty measurement approaches were applied. The food and non-food consumption poverty lines calculated by the cost of basic needs approach were 4684.7 birr per AE per year and 1245.3 birr per year per AE respectively. The rural poverty headcount index was 57.1 percent, the poverty gap was 20.9 percent, and the severity of poverty was 10.1 percent, respectively. A binary logit analysis result shows that distance to market access had a significant and positive relationship with consumption-based rural poverty, but age of household, tropical livestock unit, family size, and irrigation access had a significant and negative relationship with income rural poverty. Consumption-based rural poverty is deep and complex in the study area. A one-dimensional poverty reduction strategy should be launched specifically to reduce asset-based and consumption-based rural poverty in the woreda. Irrigation and livestock activities should expand at the community as well as the household level. Key words: Determinant, extents, rural poverty, binary logistic model, Ethiopia. Tue, 25 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/12967 2022-01-25T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/12965 THE EFFECT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION ON THE INCOME OF SENDING FAMILIES: A CASE OF DEBARK DISTRICT, AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA Dirijit Genzeb In developing countries like Ethiopia, rural to urban migration affects the socio-economic conditions of the original areas. In the area, short-term and seasonal labor migration have been checked by other authors. However, the long-term, rural to urban migration in the country, as well as away from it, and its effect on the income of sending families, has remained unstudied. Therefore, this study focuses on assessing the effects of rural to urban migration on the income of migrant families on the origin of migrants in the Debark district, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. To achieve the objective, 188 household heads from both the treated and control groups were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique from five kebeles of the district. Both primary and secondary data sources were used and analyzed through descriptive statistics, binary logit, and the PSM model. The primary data was collected from respondents using a structured questionnaire, FGD, and KII. Secondary data was gathered from WOFED and other relevant organizations, as well as articles, journals, and theses on the subject. Most of the respondents send their migrants to urban centers in the country, mainly towards Addis Ababa (30.14%), Bahir Dar (19.18%), and Gondar (21.92%). There are many determinants of rural-to-urban migration. Among them: family size, access to information, dependencies, education, landholding size, unemployment, livestock number,searching of better job, peer and family pressure are the major ones. PSM method was employed to estimate the effect of migration on household income. In conclusion, rural to urban migration has had a significant positive effect on the income of migrant households, yet from some FGD participants, it was found that there were also negative effects when illegal migration took place. Accordingly, the government should offer a voluntary resettlement program in the country where vacant land is available, facilitating legal migration through lobbing the destination country for better salaries for migrants. This helps migration to be worthwhile for those active labor force sending families. Keywords: Rural-Urban Migration, Debark, PSM, Effect, Income Tue, 25 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/12965 2022-01-25T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/12958 FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES: - THE CASE OF ESTIE DISTRICT, SOUTH GONDAR ZONE, AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA Adugnaw Walle Soil erosion is one of the most severe environmental problems in Ethiopia. To achieve problems and poverty requires the active participation of people in SWC conservation practices. This study aimed to analyze farmers’ willingness to participate in SWC in the case of Estie district, South Gondar, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Data were collected through the semi-structured interview from 152 farmers. The study employed frequency, means, percent, inferential statistics, and ordered probit model for data analysis purpose. The investigation shows that out of total sample households 34.21, 50, and 15.79 percent of households were low, medium, and high participation levels. Crop rotation mixed cropping, crop residue or mulching and planting, stone bund, soil bund, stone-faced soil bund, and waterway were the common SWC method in the study area. Only 7.24 percent of sampled HHs participated by self initiation and 31.58 and 36.18 percent of sampled household heads did participate in the evaluation and planning phase of SWC practices respectively. Age, off-farm income, farmers' awareness of the soil erosion problem, and access to training, farmer participation, distance to farm plot, and extension services, land tenure, and family size were all significant variables. Off these off-farm income, participation of farmers, distance to farm plot, and family size influencing farmers’ willingness to participate in SWC practice negatively. Labor shortage, lack of information, land shortage, poor resource endowments, wasting of the farm, harbors of rodents, lack of neighbors' work initiations, and lack of trust were the basic challenges of farmers’ willingness to participate in SWC practice. The finding of this study indicated few of the sampled HHs were participating in SWC practices by their own initiatives, and most SWC are designed, evaluated, and planned by development experts of each district. Farmers were only interested in activities that would provide them with a short-term benefit. Plantation SWC practice performance, for example, is extremely poor. Policymakers, the agricultural office, extension experts, and development agents should give due attention to those significant variables that determine farmers' willingness to participate in SWC measures. Keywords: farmers, ordered probit model, soil and water conservation, willingness. Mon, 24 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/12958 2022-01-24T00:00:00Z