Medical Laboratory Sciences

Utilization And Associated Factor of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis For Hiv/Aids Among Key Population Group in Bure Town,North West Ethiopia,2022

Fri, 09 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Utilization And Associated Factor of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis For Hiv/Aids Among Key Population Group in Bure Town,North West Ethiopia,2022 Alelign, Anagaw BACKGROUND: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is use of antiretroviral drugs to sero negative highest risk people before potential exposure and continued throughout periods of the exposure to prevent the acquisition of HIV. WHO recommended pre-exposure prophylaxis as prevention for individual at substantial risk .However, use of PrEP remains low globally as well as in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess utilization, associated factors and barriers of PrEp uptake for HIV /AIDS among female sexual workers and sero discordant in Bure town, North West Ethiopia, 2022. METHODS: Community based cross-sectional study triangulated with phenomenological qualitative study were carried out. Simple random sampling for the quantitative and purposive judgmental sampling for the qualitative study was used. Data were collected through a structured and interviewer administered questionnaire for quantitative and key informant interview using semi structured guide for the qualitative study. The quantitative data entry were carried out in Epi data version 4.6 then exported to SPSS v.26 for analysis. The qualitative data were translated, transcribed, coded and analyzed thematically using open code3.6 software. Initially descriptive then logistic regression subsequently multivariable analysis was done. Model assumption was checked accordingly and fitness of model was checked by Hosmer-lemeshow test. RESULT: A total of 245 eligible key populations were participated, with a median age of 27 years., one participant was male and 73.5% with educational level of primary school and no formal education. PrEp utilization was 13% [95%CI8.2-18.4]. Partner support [AOR=6.57,95%CI:1.08-9.8], willingness[AOR=7.89,95%CI:1.357-9.72],knowledge/information[AOR=5.88,95%CI:1.146-13.0], stigma [AOR=0.19,95%CI:0.037-0.998],fear of side effect[AOR=0.028,95%CI:0.002-0.351],rural residency [AOR=0.23,95% CI:0.067-0.812]and STI history[AOR=14, 95% CI: 3.5–15.6] were significantly associated factors. From the qualitative study, Stigma, side effect of the drug, lack of information /knowledge about PrEp, and lack of support were barrier to PrEp uptake. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: the prevalence of PrEp utilization was low compared to other studies which seeks public attention. Residency from urban area, STI history, knowledge /information about PrEp, partner support and willingness were positively and adherence challenge, stigma and side effect negatively associated with utilization of PrEP. Since HIV pandemic is growing and affecting every corner of the world, therefore it could be better if all responsible body act to increase utilization of PrEp by tackling bottle neck factors in ally. KEY WORDS: female sexual worker, pre exposure prophylaxis, sero-discordant.

Traditinal Uvuleectomy and Associated Factors among under-Five children in Mekaneselam town,south Wollo Zone Ethopia

Mon, 25 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Traditinal Uvuleectomy and Associated Factors among under-Five children in Mekaneselam town,south Wollo Zone Ethopia Abnew, Munaw Traditional uvulectomy, prevalence, associated factores Mekaneselam town

Seroprevalence of Asymptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis and Associated Factors Among Residents in Libo Kemkem District, South Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia

Tue, 14 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Seroprevalence of Asymptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis and Associated Factors Among Residents in Libo Kemkem District, South Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia Tsehay, Hailemariam Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is a public health problem in the northwestern parts of Amhara region. Most scholars reported that asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis has been reported more frequently as compared to symptomatic in the endemic areas and responsible for transmission of the disease. However, since 2012 there has not been updated information it the study area as prevalence of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis varies from year to year and by segment of population. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence and associated factors of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis among residents in Libo Kemkem district, South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 413 study participants from August 1 – October 30, 2022. Simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. Socio demographic, personal, behavioral and environmental data were collected using questioner administered face to face interview. Seventy micro liter (μl) capillary blood sample was collected from each study participant. Ten μl blood sample was used for rk39 tests at the site of sample collection and 60μl blood sample was used for dried blood spot using Whitman filter paper No.3 for direct agglutination test. Data were entered in to EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. Result: The overall seroprevalence of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis was 34 (8.2%). Being male (AOR =2.39, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.96; P = 0.032), and sleeping under red acacia tree during the day or at night (AOR =2.55, 95% CI: 1.85, 7.65; P = 0.015) were found to be associated factors of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis. Performance of rK39 test against direct agglutination test using kappa value analysis showed intermediate to a good agreement: (k: 0.771) Conclusions: The overall seroprevalence of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis was attention should be given for the disease in the study area. Identified associated factors should be considered for effective prevention and control. Comprehensive study on transmission dynamics of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis and its clinical outcome should be done in future. Keywords: Asymptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis, Associated Factors, Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia

Bacterial Isolates and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile Among Samples Collected From The Surfaces and Air at Public and Private Hospitals in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022

Sun, 23 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Bacterial Isolates and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile Among Samples Collected From The Surfaces and Air at Public and Private Hospitals in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022 Andualem, Fenta Background: Globally, a major contributing factor to the development of several nosocomial infections is bacterial contamination of equipment, inanimate surfaces, and the air of the hospital environment. These infections continue to existence of serious disease, death, financial crisis, that leads for prolonged hospital stay and represent public health problem. However, there is shortage of data in Ethiopia as well as the study area. Objective: To determine bacterial load, identify the bacterial species and antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates from the surface and air at public and private hospitals in Bahir Dar city. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at private and public hospitals in Bahir Dar city from May to July 2022. In this study 240 (176 swab, 64 air) samples were collected using purposive sampling. Surface swab and indoor air samples were collected by swab and settle plate method and inoculated on blood agar plate and MacConkey agar plate and sub- cultured to the new media for identification of the isolates at Bahir Dar University Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital Laboratory. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using the Modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. Data were entered into and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Odds ratio was analyzed using logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval with Statistical significance set at a p-value < 0.05. Result: The overall bacterial contamination rate was 54.2%. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (52.3%) was the most predominant isolate. The significance difference in mean bacterial air load was observed among hospitals (ANOVA, F=4.207; p=0.009 as well as between the private and public hospitals (t=2.95; p=0.012). The frequency of cleaning the wards (AOR=0.64; 95% CI, (0.47-0.88), number of the beds in the wards (AOR-1.55; 95% CI, (1.1-2.18) and the type of the specimen (AOR=2.6, 95% CI, (1.36-4.9) were the explanatory variables significantly associated with bacterial growth. Meropenem showed less level of resistance against gram-negative bacterial isolates. From total isolates, Multi-drug resistance was detected in 71(54.6%). Conclusion: The study showed the bacterial contaminated level and medical equipment mainly which differs significantly among ward and hospitals. The more than half percent of isolates were multi-drug resistant. Therefore, the hospitals should give attention to the improvement of infection prevention policies and the patients should treat with the culture and antimicrobial test result.