Veterinary Public Health

SEROPREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION AMONG OVINE AND PREGNANT WOMEN IN DEBRE BIRHAN CITY, ETHIOPIA

Fri, 28 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

SEROPREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION AMONG OVINE AND PREGNANT WOMEN IN DEBRE BIRHAN CITY, ETHIOPIA Adugnaw Asmare Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii with harmful effects on animal and human health. Cross-sectional study was designed and conducted from January 2021 to March 2021 to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis among sheep and pregnant women in Debre Birhan city. Serum was collected from jugular vein of each sheep. Serum was also collected from pregnant women and exit interview was conducted with eligible mothers to obtain socio-demographic and behavioral data using structured questionnaires. All factors attributing to T. gondii infection in sheep and pregnant women were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep was 46.3%. A significant association was observed between seroprevalence and sex, age and water source and significantly higher in female sheep (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.16-2.74, P = 0.008), adult age (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.46-3.49, P = 0.00) and river water (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.22-3.74, P = 0.008). In pregnant women, the T. gondii seroprevalences were 61.2%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of T. gondii infection was significantly higher in age of (35-36) (OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.57-5.75, P = 0.001), eating raw meat OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03-2.59, P=0.036) spring water source (OR: 1.94, 95% CI:(3.29, P = 0.014) and contact with cats (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.06-2.64, P = 0.027). This survey showed high seropositivity for T. gondii among sheep and pregnant women in Debre Berhan city. Therefore, further studies on isolation and genotype of the pathogen are crucial. It also requires action to prevent and control the infection in pregnant women, which poses a potential threat to a foetus. Key words: Pregnant women, Sero-prevalence, Sheep, T. gondii infection

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC LOSS OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN JAWI DISTRICT, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA

Sat, 17 Jan 0022 00:00:00 GMT

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC LOSS OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN JAWI DISTRICT, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA MAMO ADANE Bovine trypanosomiasis is a debilitating cattle disease caused by unicellular protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma; and it is considered as a bottleneck to sufficient food production and economic growth of sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2020 to April 2021 in Jawi district of Northwest Ethiopia to estimate the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis, determine the apparent density (AP) of tsetse flies, identify the potential risk factors, and assess economic impact of the disease. For the parasitological study, immediately after recording potential risk factors, blood samples were collected from 384 randomly selected zebu breed cattle and examined using the buffy coat technique and Giemsa-stained thin smears. For the entomological survey, a total of 60 monoconical traps were deployed in two randomly selected kebeles. For economic impact assessment, economic data were collected using comprehensive and pre-tested structured questionnaire administered to 100 randomly selected households through interview. The overall prevalence of trypanosomiasis was 9.11% (95% CI= 6.43–12.45). The trypanosome species identified were Trypanosoma congolense (57.14%, n = 20), T. vivax (37.14%, n = 13) and mixed infection of T. congolense and T. vivax (5.72%, n = 2). There was statistically significant association (p < 0.05) between age and body condition score (BCS) of cattle and trypanosome infection, but no statistically significant differences were observed for sex, coat color, altitude and kebele (p > 0.05). The mean packed cell volume (PCV) value of infected group (22.46±2.56) was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than non-infected (27.77±2.22) group of animals. A total of 154 flies were captured, 110 tsetse and 44 other biting flies (Stomoxys, n=26 and Tabanus, n=18). The species of tsetse identified was Glossina tachinoides, and the apparent density was 0.61flies/trap/day. The overall economic losses per household and per individual cattle were US$ 1,644.77 and US$ 111.13, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 7.7%, and the largest

OCCURRENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF SALMONELLA IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE CARCASS AND SLAUGHTER HOUSE ENVIRONMENT AT MAANDEEQ SLAUGHTERHOUSE, HARGEISA, SOMALILAND.

Sat, 17 Jan 0022 00:00:00 GMT

OCCURRENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF SALMONELLA IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE CARCASS AND SLAUGHTER HOUSE ENVIRONMENT AT MAANDEEQ SLAUGHTERHOUSE, HARGEISA, SOMALILAND. ABDILLAHI IDIRIS A wide range of pathogens play a role in foodborne disease and most of them are zoonotic and have reservoirs in healthy food animals from which they spread to variety of foods Among the pathogens, Salmonella is considered the most prevalent foodborne pathogen worldwide and has long been recognized as an important zoonotic microorganism of economic significance in animals and humans So the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Salmonella and risk factors in slaughtered cattle Carcass and slaughterhouse environment in Maandeeq slaughterhouse Hargeisa Somaliland. A cross-sectional study was conducted on slaughtered cattle carcass and slaughter house environment in Maandeeq slaughterhouse Hargeisa Somaliland from June 2020 to September 2021. A total of 402 samples were collected, 134 samples from slaughtered cattle carcass, 256 environmental samples (128 from eviscerating knives and 128 from eviscerating hand). And questioners check list were used to collect data on the hygienic status of the environment and cattle carcass. Standard isolation and identification procedures were performed to identify Salmonella isolates. Out of the total 402 cattle carcass and environmental samples, 25(18.6%) were positive for Salmonella. Of these, 11(8.2%) were positive for Salmonella from cattle carcass swabs, 8(6%) and 6(4.4%) evisceration hand and evisceration knife, samples were positive for Salmonella respectively. Statistically significant association was demonstrated between the carcass contaminations by Salmonella and environment swab samples Salmonella status (P= 0.022).Wearing protective closing during slaughtering, clean and sanitized floor, hand washing with water and soap before slaughtering, , washing of knife before to start slaughter with water, Put knife in a clear place after slaughtering one cattle have statistically significant association with prevalence of Salmonella in slaughtered cattle carcass, evisceration hand and eviscerating knife (P ˂ 0.05), this study found the highest contamination of Salmonella was detected in cattle carcass than the evisceration hand and eviscerating knife and the main source of contamination is slaughterhouse environment. Therefore, there is a need to maintain proper hygienic practices in Maandeeq Slaughterhouse during slaughtering. KEYWORDS. Salmonella, Carcass, Evisceration, Slaughterhouse, Maandeeq, Somaliland

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN CALVES AND HOSPITALIZED HUMAN IN LIBO KEMKEM DISTRICT, NORTHWESTERN, ETHIOPIA

Wed, 11 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN CALVES AND HOSPITALIZED HUMAN IN LIBO KEMKEM DISTRICT, NORTHWESTERN, ETHIOPIA Yemane Tekle A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021 on calves and human Cryptosporidiosis in Libo Kemkem district, North West Ethiopia. The objective of the study was determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of Cryptosporidiosis in calves and hospitalized human. A total of 193 calves with age group ranging from one week up to 12 months from three different agro ecologically kebeles and 122 stool samples from humans admitted at the district hospital were used for this study. The three kebeles were selected purposively and individual calves were selected using simple random method and allocated proportionally. For human sample systematic random sampling was used. To identify Cryptosporidium Oocyst; fecal and stool samples were examined using Modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining method. All data were analysed using statistical package for social science Version 20.0 software program and significant level was determined at 95% confidence interval. The over all prevalence of calves and human Cryptosporidium Oocyst found in the study were 15.5% and 11.5% , respectively. A total 9 potential risk factors were investigated for the association with calf Cryptosporidiosis using logistic regression. Age of calf < 6 months (P= 0.021), breed (P= 0.049), body condition (P= 0.043), water source (P= 0.027), fecal consistency (P= 0.016) and hygienic condition (P= 0.042) were found significantly associated by multivariable logistic regression. Similarly, a total of 6 potential risk factors investigated for their association with human Cryptosporidiosis using logistic regression. Source of potable water (P=0.024), immunocompromization (P= 0.007) and contact with domestic animals (P=0.033) were found significantly (P< 0.05) associated with the risk of human Cryptosporidiosis by multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves and human in Libo Kemkem district is so high. Therefore a due attention on zoonotic disease management is mandatory. Key words: - Calf, Cryptosporidium, Hospitalized Human, Libo Kemkem district, Oocyst, prevalence, Risk factors.