http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/10204 Sat, 13 Jan 2001 06:32:12 GMT 2001-01-13T06:32:12Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16513 IDENTIFYING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PROPOSING SOLUTION FOR KOYE FACHE CONDOMINIUM. ABDO, GELETO EULLA Solid waste management, is a significance of day -to- day activity of human kinds, needs to be accomplished properly. Koye-Feche faces challenges associated with a poorly managed solid waste system. A rational behind the study was the poor status of solid waste management and absence of disposal site land fill location at close distance to Koye-Fache condominium and the current solid waste management practices. The municipal solid waste bases substantial harm to the environment and human health if mismanaged. With a rapidly expanding human population and growing trend of koye-Fache and problems related to the management of solid waste have become of considerable importance from both environment and human safety point of view. This urges for better understanding of the existing practices and challenges of solid waste management in emerging settlement of Koye-fache. This study therefore assessed the generation and composition of solid waste and come up with land fill design of disposal site to Koye-Fache condominium. The study is conducted on sample proportion selected from different damping centers of household, commercial. health facilities, schools and streets, within each village of the condominium site. Both primary and secondary data sources had been used. Primary data were collected through measurements from sample proportion selected locations. Secondary data were collected from web site; different documents and office reports. The data collected from both primary and secondary sources were analyzed using quantitative methods. The result indicated that out of the total solid waste collected from the households about 73,745Kg (70%) were food wastes, whereas metals accounts only 16.85kg (0.02%) as compared to other wastes. Similarly, out of the total solid waste collected from health facilities glass accounts the largest 728.47kg (52.4%0 and paper accounts the least 46.46kg (3.34%). When we compare different facilities, the largest amount of solid waste was collected from household facility and the least amount collected from Health facilities. In terms of solid waste transfer, the total amount solid waste transferred per week were 123,497.20kg (562.47m3). Sat, 20 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16513 2024-07-20T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16019 Enhancing hydrolysis products from corncob biomass via Microwave assisted deep eutectic solvents pretreatment for production of bioethanol Sinework, Fenetabeil Due to the growing concern over the depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing rate of greenhouse gas emissions which will lead to global warming, many researchers are now dedicated to producing alternative biofuels in order to help address the above-mentioned issue. Lignocellulosic agricultural wastes seems the greater potential alternative resource for bioethanol production due to several advantages. But, the key requirement for an economical lignocellulosic bioethanol production is efficient pretreatment, pretreatment includes physical, chemical, biological and thermal methods and their combinations, Removal of hemicellulose and lignin improves cellulose recovery and the substrate porosity for saccharification. In this study, microwave-assisted DES pretreatment was developed for corn cob fractionation. The pretreatment was conducted at different irradiation time (10minute, 20minute, and 30minute), microwave power (300watt, 550watt, 800watt) and DES type (lactic acid/choline chloride, glycerol/choline chloride and ethylene glycol /choline chloride). The results indicated that maximum (85.15%) amount of lignin removal was achieved at 20minute, 800watt with ethylene glycol /choline chloride).on other hand maximum yield of fermentable sugar (37.9mg/ml) was achieved at 20minute, 550watt with ethylene glycol /choline chloride). Fermentation experiments for the production of Bioethanol was performed at different yeast load (5v/v, 10v/v, and 15v/v) fermentation time (24hr, 48hr, and 72hr) and temperature (25oc, 30oc, 35oc). Bioethanol produced from corn cob was characterized to determine its density, specific gravity, PH, FTIR, flash point and visual examination. Keynote: Corncob, pretreatment, fermentation, microwave, deep eutectic solvents Wed, 01 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16019 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16018 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL LOAD OF HOMEMADE ERGO AND COMMERCIAL YOGURT IN BAHIR DAR CITY SECHUAMLAK, YESIGAT The consumption of milk and a dairy product is common in the world. The study was increased knowledge and understanding on Physio-chemical characteristics and Microbial load of yogurt (ergo). 30 samples of which 18 homemade ergo, and 6 commercial yogurt samples and 6 laboratory made yogurt were collected for Physico-chemical analysis and Microbial enumeration. The mean pH value, Moisture content and Titrable acidity of homemade Ergo samples were 3.52, 91.90% and 1.52, for commercially manufactured yogurt were 4.2, 83% and 1.5 and for laboratory made yogurt were 4.6, 87.9% and 0.8 respectively. The microbial analyses of homemade Ergo indicated that Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Coliform, Yeast and mold, Lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp. And Salmonella spp were 8.5×105cfu, 4.81×105 cfu, 4.7×105 cfu, 5×108 cfu, 4.2×104 cfu, 5.3 cfu and 2 cfu respectively. The microbial analyses of commercial yogurt indicated that Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Coliform, Yeast and mold, Lactic acid bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus were 3.3×105 cfu, 5.6×105 cfu, 5.1×105 cfu, 5.1×108 cfu and 6.7×102 cfu respectively. The microbial analyses of laboratory made yogurt at 45oc and 5% starter concentration indicated that Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Coliform, Yeast and mold, Lactic acid bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus were 2.6×105 cfu, 5.1×104 cfu, 5.6×103 cfu, 4.9×107 cfu and 3.2×102 cfu respectively. The results indicated that the quality of traditional homemade ergo was substandard and not safe for consumption. Key words: ergo, yogurt, Microbial, Physico-chemical Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16018 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16017 DRYING OF MANGO PULP IN BATCH WINDOW REFRACTANCE DRYER (BWRD); DRYER PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCT QUALITY EVALUATION SAMRAWIT, KASSE GEBEYEHU Drying parameters for dryers are needed to be carefully examined not only to preserve the products but also to have a positive impact on the product qualities. The present study aimed to dry mango pulp in batch window refractance dryer (BWRD), and to evaluate the thermal performance of the dryer and the qualities of the dried mango. The performance of the dryer was tested at a water temperature of 75°C, 85°C, and 95°C and the thickness of mango pulp were maintained as 1mm, 3mm, and 5mm. 3*3 full factorial with complete randomized design (CRD) was considered for the study. The physicochemical, microbial quality and sensorial evaluation of the dried mango was performed for each treatment using standard testing procedures. Freeze dried mango sample were used for fresh mango pulp physicochemical analysis. Furthermore, thin layer drying kinetics modeling of mango pulp was studied to predict the drying kinetics. In addition, the carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic and vitamin C of mango were quantified using UV-Spectrophotometer. The result showed that drying time was increased with thickness of mango pulp to reduce the initial mango moisture (82.02%) to safe storage moisture (9. 07%). In addition, drying time required for BWRD to reach an equilibrium moisture content for 5mm (9.13 ± 0.55) was higher than that of 3mm (7.47 ± 1.09) and 1mm (5.86 ± 0.17) thickness and thus affected the overall energy efficiency of the dryer and led reduced in average of 76.82% to 18.32% and physicochemical properties of mango leather product also affected. Better retention of total carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C were showed in lower thickness 1mm and at lower temperature 75ºC and obtained 96.27%, 63.45%, 63.92% and 51.55% respectively relative to their fresh mango pulp. Microbial analysis of mango leather showed that the product exhibited the safe level for consumption after drying. The sensorial result obtained also indicated that dried samples using BWRD were in acceptable range. Drying mango pulp took long period of time in the failing rate period and from the fitted thin layer drying models Page model was found the best fitted model. 1mm at 75ºC recommended for better retained physiochemical property of mango leather and for better energy efficiency of the dryer. Keywords: drying techniques, window refractance dryer, mango pulp, physicochemical properties, sensory quality, and microbial quality. Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16017 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z